RTIs Flashcards

(70 cards)

1
Q

What are the main types of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTIs)?

A

Common cold, Pharyngitis, Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, Allergic rhinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the most common viral causes of the common cold?

A

Rhinoviruses (30-50%), Coronaviruses (10-15%), Influenza (5-15%), RSV (5%), Parainfluenza (5%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are potential complications of the common cold?

A

Acute rhinosinusitis, Lower RTIs, Asthma exacerbations, Acute otitis media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How long does acute bronchitis typically last?

A

Usually self-limiting, lasting 1-3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a key diagnostic feature of acute bronchitis?

A

Clinical diagnosis, cough lasting ~18 days, sometimes preceded by URI symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When should you order a chest X-ray in a patient with acute bronchitis?

A

Abnormal vital signs, signs of consolidation, mental status changes in elderly, dyspnea, hemoptysis, immunodeficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What viral pathogens commonly cause acute bronchitis?

A

Influenza A/B, Parainfluenza, Coronaviruses, Rhinoviruses, RSV, hMPV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What bacterial pathogens are associated with acute bronchitis?

A

Bordetella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What distinguishes pneumonia from acute bronchitis?

A

Fever, tachypnea, tachycardia, signs of consolidation, mental status changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What treatments should be avoided in acute bronchitis and why?

A

Avoid antibiotics due to viral etiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When is influenza most prevalent in the northern hemisphere?

A

October to March, with a peak in December to February

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two major types of influenza in humans?

A

Influenza A and B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is antigenic drift?

A

Minor H or N mutations causing immune escape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is antigenic shift?

A

Major H or N mutations, resulting in novel viruses and potential pandemics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are common symptoms of influenza?

A

Abrupt fever, dry cough, myalgia, GI symptoms in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who is at high risk of complications from influenza?

A

Children <5 (especially <2), adults ≥65, pregnant women, people with chronic conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are possible complications of influenza?

A

Pneumonia, myocarditis, encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, secondary bacterial infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the first-line antiviral for influenza?

A

Oseltamivir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When should influenza testing be done?

A

If it will influence treatment or if the patient is high-risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the common subtypes of Influenza A that infect humans?

A

H1N1 and H3N2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the most common cause of LRTIs in children <1 year?

A

RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are RSV risk factors in children?

A

Prematurity, chronic lung or heart disease, immune compromise, daycare, smoke exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the treatment options for RSV in adults?

A

Supportive care, ribavirin + IVIG in high-risk immunocompromised patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the seasonality of RSV?

A

Seasonal spread with winter peaks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is a hallmark symptom of pertussis?
Paroxysmal coughing with inspiratory whoop
26
What is the most sensitive test for diagnosing pertussis early?
PCR in the first 4 days
27
What are the typical bacterial causes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?
S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, S. aureus, Group A strep
28
What are the atypical bacterial causes of CAP?
Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Coxiella burnetii
29
What viruses commonly cause CAP?
Influenza A/B, RSV, Coronaviruses, Rhinoviruses
30
What are key symptoms of CAP?
Cough, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, fever, abnormal lung sounds
31
What are risk factors for CAP?
Older age, comorbidities, immune suppression, smoking, viral RTI
32
What scoring system is used to assess CAP severity?
PSI/PORT and CURB65
33
What is CURB65?
Confusion, Urea >7, RR ≥30, BP <90/<60, Age ≥65
34
What is the initial outpatient treatment for CAP?
Amoxicillin + azithromycin
35
What are signs indicating hospitalization for CAP?
CURB65 score ≥3, PSI class IV-V
36
When should corticosteroids be used in CAP?
Severe CAP with respiratory failure, sepsis, or COPD exacerbation
37
Placeholder question 37
Placeholder answer 37
38
Placeholder question 38
Placeholder answer 38
39
Placeholder question 39
Placeholder answer 39
40
Placeholder question 40
Placeholder answer 40
41
Placeholder question 41
Placeholder answer 41
42
Placeholder question 42
Placeholder answer 42
43
Placeholder question 43
Placeholder answer 43
44
Placeholder question 44
Placeholder answer 44
45
Placeholder question 45
Placeholder answer 45
46
Placeholder question 46
Placeholder answer 46
47
Placeholder question 47
Placeholder answer 47
48
Placeholder question 48
Placeholder answer 48
49
Placeholder question 49
Placeholder answer 49
50
Placeholder question 50
Placeholder answer 50
51
Placeholder question 51
Placeholder answer 51
52
Placeholder question 52
Placeholder answer 52
53
Placeholder question 53
Placeholder answer 53
54
Placeholder question 54
Placeholder answer 54
55
Placeholder question 55
Placeholder answer 55
56
Placeholder question 56
Placeholder answer 56
57
Placeholder question 57
Placeholder answer 57
58
Placeholder question 58
Placeholder answer 58
59
Placeholder question 59
Placeholder answer 59
60
Placeholder question 60
Placeholder answer 60
61
Placeholder question 61
Placeholder answer 61
62
Placeholder question 62
Placeholder answer 62
63
Placeholder question 63
Placeholder answer 63
64
Placeholder question 64
Placeholder answer 64
65
Placeholder question 65
Placeholder answer 65
66
Placeholder question 66
Placeholder answer 66
67
Placeholder question 67
Placeholder answer 67
68
Placeholder question 68
Placeholder answer 68
69
Placeholder question 69
Placeholder answer 69
70
Placeholder question 70
Placeholder answer 70