RTS Flashcards
1
Q
Age range of an infant?
A
1month to 2 years
2
Q
Give 4 ideas for shared decision making in paediatrics
A
Tablet or suspension
Drowsy or non drowsy
Flavour
Spoon or syringe
3
Q
Name the two notifiable diseases in paediatrics
A
Measles
Mumps
4
Q
Name the 10 common childhood ailments in community pharmacy
A
Napkin dermatitis Eczema Chicken pox Measles Mumps Scabies Headlice Threadworms Fever Vomiting
5
Q
Name 12 drugs no longer used in
A
Brompheniramine Chlorphenamine Diphenhydramine Dextromethorphan Pholcodeine Guaifenesin Ipecacuanha Phenylephrine Pseudoephedrine Ephedrine Oxymetazoline Xylometazoline
6
Q
What’s the age range for neonates?
A
Birth to 1month unless pre term
7
Q
How do you treat candidiasis napkin dermatitis?
A
Clotrimazole 1% cream (canesten) apply thinly 2-3 times daily
8
Q
How do you treat irritant napkin dermatitis
A
Sudocrem
Metanium (titanium)
Conotrane (dimethicone)
Apply after every nappy change
9
Q
Do you refer psoriasis in children
A
Yus u do
10
Q
What should you check if using castor oil prep on someone?
A
PeaNUT allergy 😁
11
Q
What should you not use in candida nappy rash?
A
Barrier cream cos it’s locks in moisture which will trap in fungi
12
Q
What’s the age limit on steroids for eczema?
A
HAS TO BE OVER 10 👶🙅
13
Q
What causes chicken pox?
A
Varicella zoster virus (a herpes virus)
14
Q
What does chicken pox start with?
A
Fever
Headache
Sore throat
Few days later rash forms
15
Q
What are the treatment options for chicken pox
A
Calamine lotion dab affected area Calpol 2months+ Calpol 6years+ Piriton tablets Piriton syrup
16
Q
Secondary infection of chicken pox can be caused by what
A
Scratching- S. Aureus
17
Q
What is shingles caused by
A
Herpes zoster
18
Q
What can occur following a case of chicken pox?
A
Shinglez
19
Q
What’s the incubation period of chicken pox?
A
10-20 dayz
20
Q
What’s the incubation period of measles?
A
10dayz
21
Q
What virus causes measles?
A
Paramyxovirus
22
Q
Where’s does measles start
A
At the hairline and spreads rapidly over body over 24-48 hours lasting for 3days
23
Q
How long are you infectious with measles
A
4 days before onset of rash and till 5 days after it disappears
24
Q
What are kopliks spots?
A
Spots in the mouth that can occur prior to the rash forming in measles
25
How long does the rash in measles generally last for?
3 dayz
26
What's encephalitis
Rare inflammation of the brain
27
What's the incubation period of mumps
14-25 days
28
Is mumps contagious a week before breakout?
YEH
29
Where does the mumps virus thrive?
In the parotid salivary glands
30
How long does mumps last?
Mild case: 3-4 days
| Most cases: 7 days
31
What's the complications of mumps
Inflammation of areas
32
How do you treat headlice?
Wet combing
Physical insecticide- hedrin
Chemical insecticide- malathione
33
What causes threadworms?
Enterobius vermicularis
34
Where do threadworms live
Upper part of colon EW
35
What is used to treat threadworms
Mevendazole (ovex)
36
How does mebendazole (ovex) work
Inhibits works uptake of glucose causing immobility and death
37
Can you treat a 1yr old with mebendazole
No you can't you fool
38
Where are the four places you can take temperature
Mouth
Rectal
Ear
Under arm
39
How to treat dry/chesty cough in paediatrics
Calcough infant
3months to 1year:5ml tds
1-5yrs: 10ml tds
40
When are you at your greatest risk to take medicines during pregnancy
First 12 weeks
41
What advice do you give pregnant women to help with vomiting
Eat ginger biscuit or toast before rising
P6 pressure bands
Drink water
42
Why is constipation common later in pregnancy?
Reduced GI motility, increased levels of progesterone
43
What type of laxative is first line in pregnancy?
Bulk forming
Second- osmotic
Then refer
44
Why does vaginal thrush occur in pregnancy?
Changes in oestrogen levels
45
Do leg cramps occur in pregnancy?
Yes cramps in calf are common in the third trimester
46
Can you use quinine in pregnancy
No no no
47
If not breast feeding when do you give whey based milk
From birth to 12 months
48
What two proteins are in whey based milks
60% whey
| 40% casein
49
When do you use casein based milk and why?
Birth to 12 months
| For hungrier babies
50
How many times more iron does follow on milk contain than cows milk?
24
51
When can you start follow on milk
From 6-12 months
52
When can you have toddler milk and what extra does it contain
From 1 year
| Extra minerals and vitamins
53
What milk would you give a baby with cows milk intolerance
Soya based
54
What milk would you give a baby experiencing significant reflux?
Stay down milk
55
What milk would you give a baby intolerant to lactose
Lactose free duh
56
What milk would you give a baby with medically identified increased energy and nutrient requirements
High energy milk
57
What milk would you give preterm/low birth weight babies
Preterm range
58
Define viral conjunctivitis
In both eyes, watery discharge, gritty feeling, red
Associated with a cough/cold
59
Describe bacterial conjunctivitis
One eye then both, purulent discharge, gritty feeling, red
60
Which is more severe: episcleritis or scleritis
Scleritis
61
What is keratitis
Corneal ulcer
62
Dodgy shaped pupil is linked to what eye condition?
Uveitis - inflammation of ureal tract/red eye
63
What do you treat bacterial/viral conjunctivitis with first line
Chloramphenicol 1% (optrex)
| One drop every 2hrs for 48hrs then one every 4hrs for 5 days
64
What do you use to treat allergic conjunctivitis
Opticrom allergy eye drops (sodium cromoglycate 2%)
65
What can you treat dry eye with
Viscotears (carbomer 980 0.2%)
66
What's the scientific name for a stye
Hordeola
67
What's the scientific name for a painless lump in the eye lid
Chalazion
68
What's entropion?
When your eyelid flops inward refer
69
What's ectropion
When your eyelid flops out refer
70
What's orbital cellulitis
Inflammation of the tissues behind the orbital septum
71
What's basal cell carcinoma
Cancer of the eyelid (mole/nodule)
72
What bacteria is sometimes involved in eczema?
Staph aureus
73
What epidermal layer is impaired in eczema?
Lipid barrier
74
How long can you use hydrocortisone in eczema for?
Max 7 days
75
What is clobetasone?
Moderate steroid used in treatment of eczema
76
What is cradle cap and what are the signs?
Infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis
| Large yellow greasy scales and crusts on scalp
77
Treatment options for seborrhoeic dermatitis
Ketoconazole shampoo
Selenium sulphide shampoo
Coal tar capsal therapeutic shampoo
78
What does psoriasis look like
Well defined red plaques covered with silvery scales
79
What is dithranol?
Dithrocream- used in psoriasis for patients who have had on Rx before- may cause burns
80
What is acne
Inflam disorder of the pilosebaceous follicles
81
What is Rosacea
Facial flushing butterfly
82
Can lithium cause acne?
YUS
83
What is quiniderm (benzyl peroxide) used to treat?
Acne
84
What's athletes foot caused by?
Tinea pedis
85
When to refer athletes foot?
If excessive and on top of foot
86
Other than imidazoles (clotrimazole) what can you treat athletes foot with?
Tolnaftate
| Undecenoates
87
What causes ringworm?
Tinea corporis fungal
88
What causes jock itch
Tinea cruris fungal
| Red/brown rash which is isolated to the inner thigh and groin
89
What's used to treat fungal nail infections
Amorolfine 5% nail lacquer (curanail)
90
What are warts and verrucas
Benign growths on skin caused by the human papilloma virus
91
What's in Bazuca gel and what's it used to treat
Salicyclic acid for destruction of warts and verrucas
92
What's also used in combo with salicyclic acid to treat warts/verrucas
Lactic acid
| Podophyllum
93
What's a keratolytic?
Salicyclic acid which acts slowly by destroying the virus containing epidermis
94
What is cold sores caused by
Herpes simplex virus
95
What's used to treat cold sores?
Zovirax (aciclovir 5%)
96
Why is hyperemesis gravidarum
Complication in pregnancy- vomming weight loss (different from morning sickness)
97
What would you use for travel sickness?
Joy-rides (hyosine hydrobromide)
98
What's in Imodium instant melts and what are they used for?
Loperamide- diarrhoea (anti-motility drugs)
99
I've got heartburn what do I need?
Aliginate raft - gaviscon
100
What are PPIs good for?
Very effective for heartburn symptoms
101
What does anusol plus HC ointment contain
Hydrocortisone (max use 7days)
102
Name four types of laxatives
Bulk forming
Osmotic
Stimulant
Softeners
103
Should you use lactulose in IBS?
It's discouraged
104
How can you treat a chesty cough?
Robitussin chesty cough (guafenesin)
105
What is quinsy
Sore throat with abscess at back of throat
106
What can carbimazole cause?
Sore throat
107
Name 2 local anaesthetics use in sore throat treatment
Benzocaine, lidocaine
108
Name 2 anti bacterials used in sore throats
Chlorohexidine, tyrothricin
109
Can you recommend codeine for sore throats
Nope
110
Can you give decongestants to people with glaucoma/hyperthyroidism/hypertension
NO
111
Does zinc help you recover from a cold?
Maybe
112
What do optic rom eye drops contains
Sodium cromoglycate
113
Name 2 corticosteroids used in allergic rhinitis
Beclometasone
| Fluticasone
114
What's the age limit on calcough infant (glycerine)
3months
115
What's the age limit on calcough (guafenesin)
6+years
116
Can you use hydrocortisone in pregnancy?
NO YOU CANNOT
117
Can you use fluconazole in pregnancy?
NOPE
118
Is episcleritis self limiting?
Yes so not necessarily needs treatment
119
What's uveitis and what do you look for?
Inflammation of the uveal tract look for funny shaped pupil
120
When can a chalazion form?
When a duct is blocked
121
What is orbital cellulitis
Inflammation of the eye tissues behind the orbital septum
122
What does does ear drops contain
Urea hydrogen peroxide (5%)
123
What is otitis externa
General inflammation of the ear canal
124
What is perichondritis
Inflammation of the perichondrium- gross ear often infection
125
What is otalgia
Earache
126
What's in canestan oasis
Sodium citrate
127
What's the aim in cystitis
To make urine alkaline
128
What is trichomoniasis and what can it lead to
Yellow/green discharge- infertility
129
Can fluconazole cause GI problemos?
Yep
130
What's benign prostatic hyperplasia
Enlarged prostate
131
What's used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia
Tansulosin 400mcg
132
What's menorrhagia
Excessive menstrual bleeding
133
What's used in menorrhagia
Recent POM to P- tranexamic acid
NSAIDs
COC
134
Name 3 types of headache
Tension
Migraine
Cluster
135
Which two types of headache can be unilateral?
Migraine and cluster
136
What's in levomenthol and what is it used for
Lavender and peppermint oil (4head) headaches
137
What's the first line treatment of a migraine
Simple analgesics plus antiemetic such as prochlorpromazine if nausea present
Migraleve and buccastem
138
What's the second line treatment for a migraine
Triptan
139
What's dysmenorrhea
Period painz
140
What does feminax ultra contain and what is it used to treat
Naproxen- period pains
141
What does tens stand for and what can it be used in?
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation- period pains
142
In napkin dermatitis, what do dimethicone products do and give two examples
Protect against water
Conotrane
Siopel
143
When is mumps contagious
About a week before breakout
144
What's dimeticone
Headline treament 6months+ and in pregnancy
145
What's max size of corticosteroid cream otc
15grams
146
What's in freederm gel and what's it used for
Nicotinamide 4% acne
147
What is imigran
OTC sumatriptan is a serotonin agonist indicated for treatment of migraine in adults ages 18-65
148
When do u use canestan oasis
Cystitis
149
What type of drug is loperamide and how does it work
Anti-motility works by acting in the mu opiate receptors to increase tone of both the small and large bowel, hence increasing transit time and reabsorption
150
Name 3 anti-motility drugs used in diarrhoea
Loperamide
Bismuth
Kaolin
151
What are proton pump inhibitors effective for and give 3 examples
Heartburn symptoms
Omeprazole
Pantoprozole
Esomeprazole
152
Treatments for haemorrhoids
Local anaesthetics- lidocaine
Astringents- bismuth, zinc
Anti-inflams- hydrocortisone
Protectorants- shark liver oil
153
Treatment for IBS
Hyoscine- buscopan
Mebeverine- colofac IBS
alcerine- spasmodal
Peppermint oil- mintec, colpermin
154
Can you recommend lactulose in IBS?
No don't do dat
155
First line anti-diarrhoeals in IBS?
loperamide
156
Can you recommend acupuncture or reflexology in IBS?
NO
157
Name three types of drug that can cause a cough
NSAIDs
Ace inhibitor
Beta blockers
158
Name an expectorant and what is the aim of it
Benylin chesty- guaifenesin
| Aim to remove mucous from airways
159
Name three cough suppressants
Codeine
Pholcodeine
Dextromethorphan
160
Name a demulcents
Simple linctus- honey and lemon
161
Age limit of codeine products
18+
162
Are sore throats mainly bacterial?
No no mainly viral
163
Name two antibacterials that can be used in sore throats
Chlorohexidine
| Tyrothricin
164
Name an anti inflammatory that can be used in sore throats
Benzydamine
165
Are products containing both paracetamol and dihydrocodeine recommended in colds?
NOPE
166
Aspirin should not be given to children less than 16 because of what syndrome?
Reye's syndrome
167
How do decongestants work
Constrict the dilated blood vessels in the nasal mucosa
168
What's echinacea
Herbal flower used In colds
169
What's in ear calm spray and what's it used for
Acetic acid 2% for otitis externa
170
Give 3 products to treat ear wax compaction
1. Otex ear drops
2. Earex
3. Cerumol ear drops
171
Give 3 treatment options for otitis externa
1. Choline salicylates (earex)
2. Acetic acid (ear calm )
3. Antihistamines
