Rule of Stalin - Collectivisation Flashcards
Aims, objectives and facts regarding Collectivisation (20 cards)
What was the ‘Class Enemy’ identified by Stalin as a barrier of collectivisation
The Kulak Class
What did Stalin announce in 1929
The liquidation of the Kulak Class
What was the purpose of trying to eradicate the Kulaks
to frighten the peasants into the joining the Kolkohzes
Why was the policy of dekulakisation hard to achieve?
The peasants refused to identify the Kulak’s
To enforce dekulakisation what measures did Stalin take
He enlisted and army of 25,000 urban party agents to ‘revolutionise’ the countryside
What three groups were the kulaks divided into
Counter Revolutionaries
Active Opposition- forced labour settlements
Expelled to settle on poor farm land
What did the decree in February 1930 state
It gave the local party the authority to use ‘necessary measures’
Up to how many people were deported Siberia/ labour camps
10 Million
What did propaganda campaigns inflame?
Class hatred
What were the three main types of collectives
Toz
Sovkohz
Kolkhoz
What was a Toz
A type of collective farm in which the peasants owned their own land but shared machines and co-operated in activities such as sowing and harvesting. A much more common type of Collective before 1930.
What was a Sovkhoz
A collective farm owned and run by the state. Peasants who worked on the farm were paid a regular wage- like factory workers.
What was a Kolkhoz
Where all the land was held in common and run by an elected committee. Between 50-100 houses were needed to form a Kolkhoz. All land, tools and livestock had to be pooled. The peasants farmed as one unit, but each household was allowed to keep a private plot of up to one acre.
Why did Communists see collectivisation as a Solution to the USSR’s agricultural problems
- The use of mechanized agriculture would allow for more efficient farming
- introduce modern techniques like fertilizers and ploughs with expert assistance.
- Would also free up labour for urban areas and simplify grain procurement by reducing collection points, aided by Communist supporters.
- Aligned with socialist ideals & avoided a system where majority of the population were private landholders profiting from their products.
Why was collectivisation carried out so rapidly
- Grain procurement crisis of 1928-29 in which peasants were resisting government’s policies.
- Situation so severe meat and bread were rationed in cities.
- ‘The cities were hungry’ in response to this Stalin blamed the Kulak’s
What did Stalin use to carry out collectivisation
Force, Terror and Propaganda
Before Collectivisation what kind of economy was USSR under
NEP
How did collectivisation link directly with industrialisation?
Peasants would be socialised so that they would be ready for industrialisation. It was to ‘feed’ the industrial workers
What does the term collectivisation actually mean?
Peasants were forced to give up individual private farms to form big collected farms
Which two main groups suffered under collectivisation?
NEP Men and Kulaks
