Rules Flashcards
(7 cards)
o to ue
Present Indicative verbs the o changes to ue in the stem in all persons, except
nostros and vosotros.
Contar - to count
Envolver- to wrap up
Dormir - to sleep
acordarse de - to remember
acostarse - to go to bed, to lie down
almorzar - to have lunch
costar - to cost
encontrar - to find
jugar - to play
LLover - to rain
Morder - to bite
Morir - to die
Oler - to smell
Poder -to be able, can
Recordar - to remember
Soltar - to let go of a thing or animal
Volar - to fly
Volver - to return
e to ie
Present Indicative verbs in which the “e” changes to “ ie” in the stem changing verbs.
Note that the stem vowel is not stressed in the nosotros and vosotros verb forms,
therefore the “e” does not change to “ie” in these forms and the stem remains un
changed.
Calentar - to warm
Atender - to pay attention
Consentir - to consent
Atender - to help, to pay attention
Atravesar - to cross
Cerrar to close
Comenzar - to begin
Confesar - to confess
Despertarse - to wake up
Divertirse - to have fun or a good time
Empezar - to begin
Encender - to light, to turn on
Entender - to understand
Gobernar - to govern
Hervir - to boil
Mentir - to lie
Negar - to deny
Nevar - to snow
Pensar - to think
Quebrar to break
Querer - to want
Regar - to water
Sentarse - to sit
Sentir-se to be sorry, to feel for [lo sento]
Temblar - to tremble
e to i
Present Indicative verb forms in which “e” changes to “i”. Note that the stem vowel
is not stressed in the nosotros and vosotros verb forms. Therefore the “e” does not
change to “i” in these forms and the stem remains unchanged.
Competir - to compete
Impedir - to hinder
Medir - to measure
Pedir - to ask for
Reir-se - to laugh
Servir - to serve
Sonreir - to smile
Vestir-se - to get dressed
Corregir - to correct g becomes J in 1st pers
Conseguir - to get,obtain g becomes J first p
Elegir - elect or choose same as above
Perseguir - purse/persecute same as abv
Seguir- to continue/follow same as above
c to zc if vowel before c
Present Indicative verbs ending in “cer” and “cir” change “c” to “zc” before o, if a
vowel precedes the “c”.
Conocer - to know
Traducir - to translate
Aparecer - to appear
Crecer - to grow/increase
desobedecer - disobey
entristecer - to become sad
establecer - to establish
Merecer - to deserve
Obedecer - to obey
Ofrecer - to offer
Padecer - to suffer
Permanecer - to remain/stay
Pertenecer - to belong
Reconocer - to recognize
Conducir - to drive/lead
Inducir - to induce/persuade
Introducir - to introduce
Producir- to produce
Reducir - to reduce
Reproducir - to reproduce
c to z in first person
Exceptions: When a verb ends in “cer” or “cir” and a consonant precedes the “c”, then
the “c” changes to “z” in the first person singular.
Cocer [o x ue] - to boil, cook, bake
Convencer - to convince
Vencer - to defeat, conquer, expire
Ejercer- to practice a profession [sport?]
Esparcir - scatter or spread
Ger/Gir g to J
Gu to g
first person only
Verbs that end in ger – gir – guir change “g” to “j” and “gu” to “g” before “o” in the
present tense.
Recoger -pick up/collect
Dirigir - direct or manage
Extinguir- extinguish/put out
Afligirse - to grieve, be distressed
Coger - to catch, grab, grasp by hand/idea
Escoger - to choose/pick
Proteger - to protect
Corregir - to correct
Dirigirse - to address
Elegir - to elect 2 chgs?
exigir - to deman/require
Ungir - to annoint
Conseguir - to obtain/get 2 chgs
distinguir - distinguish
extinguir extinguish/put out
Perseguir - persecute/pursue 2 chgs
Proseguir - to continue
Seguir - to follow/continue 2 chgs
Uir not guir drop ending and use Y
Present tense verbs that end in “uir”, but not “guir”, change as follows: Drop the infinitive
ending (-ir) and insert “y”, except in nosotros and vosotros.
Construir -to build
Atribuir - to attribute
Concluir -to conclude/finnish
Contribuir - to contribute
Distribuir - to distribute
Excluir - exclude
Huir -to flee/escape
Incluir - to include
Influir - to influence
Instruir -to instruct/teach
Obstruir - to obstruct
Sustituir - to replace/substitute