Rules for Japanese Flashcards
(159 cards)
1
Q
What does a double consonant mean and how is it represented
A
small pause and it’s represented by a small tsu
2
Q
Which two numbers change when talking about age?
A
1 - Issai and 8 - Hassai
3
Q
What one age has its own phrase?
A
20 - Hatachi
4
Q
What’s the difference between watashi wa and watashi no?
A
Watashi wa = I Watashi no = My
5
Q
What does the possessive particle no do?
A
combines 2 nouns or adds more information to the second noun
6
Q
What order do the vowels go in?
A
A, I, U, E, O
7
Q
What order do the rows go (e.g. vowel row, ta row, wa row etc)
A
A, KA, SA, TA, NA, HA, MA, YA, RA, WA
8
Q
How do we remember the dakoun? When you add commas and the sound changes?
A
K - G T - D H - B Kyoshi gets to drop horrible boys
9
Q
what does the particle kara mean?
A
From
10
Q
what does the particle made mean?
A
until
11
Q
Where does AM or PM go in time?
A
Before the time e.g. Gozen juu-ji
12
Q
Where does half go in time?
A
After the hour e.g. ichi-ji han
13
Q
What are the two particles associated with time and what do they mean?
A
Kara - From Made - Until
14
Q
Some numbers have two ways to say them, which one CAN’T you say for months?
A
Yon Gatsu for April X It’s Shi Gatsu But you can say nanagatsu or shichigatsu for July
15
Q
What is the date order in Japanese
A
YY/MM/DD
16
Q
What is the past form of desu?
A
deshita
17
Q
What is the past form of desu but negative?
A
dewa arimasendeshita
18
Q
What’s the difference between ja arimasen and dewa arimasen?
A
dewa is more formal
19
Q
What’s the difference between wakarimasen and shirimasen?
A
wakarimasen can mean U don’t know/I don’t understand but shirimasen just means I don’t know.
20
Q
What does the particle も mean?
A
Also or too
21
Q
What’s the difference between これ それ あれは and この その あのは?
A
The ones ending in れ are pronouns so you can say them on their own e.g. sore wa ikura deska (how much is that?) Where as for the ones with の they have to be used with a noun e.g. sono hon wa ikura deska (how much is that book?)
22
Q
What’s the benefit of using これ それ あれは over この その あのは?
A
You don’t have to know the name for れ and can just point
23
Q
What does kudasai mean?
A
It’s asking for something e.g. a request not a question
24
Q
How do you use を to ask for something?
A
It’s added when you use kudasi, you add the quantity after the marker
25
What is は
A topic marker, so the main theme of the sentance
26
What is the particle へ used for?
It's used with a direction, when going somewhere but に is often used instead.
27
What is the difference between は and が?
は is a topic marker whereas が is a subject marker. This means は comes first in the sentence and is the main theme. Some sentences will only have は and will not have a topic and a subject.
28
What is が? Not what does it mean but what is it?
が is a subject marker (unlike a topic marker)
29
What do two がs mean?
But
30
What is special for the time expressions associated with day, week, month and year?
You don't add ni to the end of them
31
What does ya mean and what's special about this word?
Ya means shop BUT always has to be paired with something e.g. hon ya to mean book shop, pan ya to mean bread shop
32
What do you do to an I adjective to make it negative?
Take off an I and add kunai instead e.g. ookii becomes ookikunai
33
What is the structure for baby animal names?
child + adult animal name ko + animal e.g. kohitsuji for lamb or koinu for puppy
34
What do you do to make an I adjective negative?
Remove the I and add くない
35
What do you do to make an I adjective in the past tense?
Remove the I and add かった
36
What do you do to make an I adjective negative past tense?
Remove the I and add くないかった
37
What do you do to an verb to say I want? So present affirmative
Take off the masu and add たいです e.g. たべたいです - want to eat
38
What do you do to a verb to say I don't want? so present negative
Take off the masu, add ta and then add the typical negative I conjugation - たくないです so たべたくないです e.g. I don't want to eat
39
What do you do to a verb to say I wanted? So past affirmative
Take off the masu, add ta and then add the typical past I conjugation - たかったです so たべたかったですe.g. I wanted to eat
40
What do you do to a verb to say I didn't want? so past negative
Take off the masu, add ta and then add the typical past I conjugation - たくなかったです so たべたくなかったですe.g. I didn't want to eat
41
What does だれ mean and what is special about it?
It is a question word only for PEOPLE. It means who
42
What is the difference between あります and います
あります is for objects where as います is for people
43
What's the difference between おんあ の ひと and おとの ひと?
おんあ の ひと means female and おとの ひとmeans male
44
How do you use arimasu or imasau to ask where something is? e.g. where is the cafe?
Noun wa where ni arimasu/imasu ka e.g. kafe wa doko ni arimasuka?
45
How do you use arimasu or imasau to say where something is? e.g. the cafe is on the 3rd floor
Noun wa place ni arimasu/imasu e.g. kafe wa sankai ni arimasu.
46
What is the sentence structure for describing a noun's position e.g. the noun is in this position relative to this noun
subject + wa + noun + no + position + ni + arimasu/imasu e.g. yuubinkyouko wa kouen no mae ni arimasu - so the post office is in front of the park
47
How do you say where is there an X (building)? e.g. where is there a hospital
building + wa + doko + ni + imasu/arimasuka OR byouin wa doko ni arimasuka e.g. where is the hospital
48
What is the difference between や and と
と means and and is usually for two nouns. や is for lists of items and it like etc so there are more things but you're not going to list them all.
49
Wakarimashita means I underestand but what else can it mean in conversation?
I see
50
What happens if you add もto the end of a question word like dare or nani?
It turns the word into a negative e.g. daremo means nobody and nanimo means nothing
51
What does adding よ to the end of a sentence do?
It means a firm answer e.g. you're really sure of your answer
52
What does adding ね to the end of a sentence do?
It's asking for confirmation like saying right? At the end of a sentence
53
Why would you say sou shimashou and not sou nomimashou?
Because sou is in agreement to what the person has said before so you wouldn't repeat the verb as that sounds odd.
54
What particle do you use when talking about doing something at a specific location?
で
55
When should you use the te form of verbs? - 4 reasons
1. When making a request 2. When something is forbidden 3. When asking for permission 4. When putting multiple verbs in a sentence together.
56
What are the two groups in the て form of verbs?
Group 1, the biggest. Ends end with an i sound so いちりにびみきし Group 2, ones that have an e sound but there are some i expections Group 3, irregulars
57
What is the conjugation rule for group 2 of te verbs?
take of the masu and add て
58
What is the conjugation rule for group 3 of te verbs?
To just learn them as there are only 2 します and きます
59
How do you offer to do a verb e.g. "shall I eat that?"
It follows mashouka pattern so take off the masu and add mashouka ましょうか e.g. tabemasu becomes tabemashouka
60
Do you conjugate です when conjugating verbs?
No, leave it as desu and the adjective is conjugated
61
When is the one time you do conjugate です when conjugating verbs?
When the adjective is paired with a noun e.g. IIe amari II hon dewa arimasen If it had been "Iie yokukatadesu desu" with no mention of the book then you wouldn't have had to conjugate the desu
62
What does います mean?
It means there is/there are FOR PEOPLE
63
What does あります mean?
It means there is/there are FOR OBJECTS
64
If you want to put 2 verbs in a sentence what form do you have to use?
te form
65
When you're putting two verbs together using te form, what do you do to each verb?
So you put the first verb in te form and leave the last one in masu form.
66
When you're putting verbs together using te form what do you do when you use more than 2 verbs?
You convert all the verbs to the te form except for the final one which you keep as masu form.
67
If you want to put 2 verbs in a sentence using te form where would you add isho? So where would it go in this sentence? ともだち に あって、 こ-と を めぎます。
After the first verb so... ともだち に あって いしょ、 こ-と を めぎます。
68
What form do you use to ask for permission?
Te form
69
When wouldn't you use te form to ask for permission?
In a non-formal situation or when you're speaking to someone of equal authority.
70
What do you do to a verb to give permission?
Turn it in Te form and then add もいいです
71
What do you do to a verb to not give permission e.g. you can't do that?
Turn it in Te form and then add はいけません
72
What do you do to a verb to ask for permission to do something?
Turn it in Te form and then add もいいです and then add ka
73
When do you put に or を before a verb?
You put に when it's a location before You put を when it's an object or noun before.
74
When do you use なん vs なに?
なん - Is used immediately before desu or a counter なに - is used before a particle and in combination e.g. nanijin is what nationality.
75
What should you never use これ それ あれ for?
When introducing a person, so never say this is my friend Mary.
76
What does the phrase あのう suggest?
That you have some reservations about what you're saying either because you're interupting someone to ask them a question or could be percieved at rude.
77
What do you call children instead of san? What do you call boys?
Children ちゃん Boys くん
78
What do you call fancy professionals instead of san?
せんせい
79
What can you use この その あの for that you can't use これ それ あれ for?
To introduce or talk about people.
80
What's the difference between だれ and だれの?
だれ means who wheras だれの means whose
81
Where do you have to put も in Japanese?
Directly after the item you are describing e.g. ゆい さん も にほんじん です。Yui is Japanese too. So even though it goes at the end in English it goes after the topic in Japanese.
82
What the difference between ください and おねがいします?
ください is used when asking for concrete things おねがいします Is more upscale and is used for ordering things in a restaurant or asking for more abstract things like repaires, explanations etc
83
What's the difference between はい, うん and ええ
All mean yes but はい is formal whereasうん is very informal. ええ sits in the middle of them being more formal thanうん but is more relaxed and casual than はい
84
はい means yes but what else?
Here, so in a class register or if someone knocks at your door.
85
What can you use あります and います for? (3) Bonus one for います?
- To say there is/there are - to say you have or own something - to say an event will be taking place - To say you have a sibling/friend etc
86
Does the duration of an event need a particle e.g. いちじかん
No
87
If you want to add a quantity e.g. たくさん to a direct object sentence (arimasu/imasu) where would you put it?
Before the the noun or after the wo particle e.g. しゃしん を たくさんとりました たくさん しゃしん をとりました
88
What particles can be paired with も?
に and で
89
What's the difference between します and やります
They both mean to do but します is formal and やります is informal
90
Who is ぼく used for?
It means I for men
91
What is the de particle mean/do in this sentence "Yamada san wa shinkansen de Osaka ni ikimasu"
It means by e.g. Mr Yamada is going to Osaka by bullet train
92
What is the to particle mean/do in this sentence "Sachiko san wa okaasan to nihon ni kaerimashita"
It means to/with e.g. Sachiko is returning to Japan with her mother
93
What article do you add when talking about "who"
to と - meaning with or to
94
What article do you add when talking about "when/time"
に ni
95
What article do you add when talking about "where"
に ni
96
What article do you add when talking about "how"
で de - meaning by
97
What article do you add when talking about doing something in a place?
で de - meaning at/in
98
Is you're comparing two sentences where do you put the one that is more e.g. bigger, taller, smaller etc
You put that first e.g. kono ie wa no ie ano ie yori ookii desu - this house is bigger than that house over there
99
So we know しゃしん を とります is to say shall I take a photo of you but how would you change this to say shall i take a photo of your cat or dog or horse etc?
Add noun plus の at the start e.g. inu の しゃしん を とります to say your dog
100
What can と join and what can't it join?
It can join two nouns but NOT two verbs.
101
Why might a sentence end in から
The から here is showing the explanation or reason for a situation. The structure is usually - Situation. Explanation から
102
What vowel is sometime omitted from the start or words and why?
Words that start with お will sometimes omit the お. This is because the お is usually added to help smooth pronunciation
103
How do you make an I adjective into て form?
Swap the い for くて
104
How do you make an na adjective into て form?
Add a で to the end
105
If you want to put two verbs in a sentence, what must you do and to which verbs?
You have to turn the first verb into て form, put a comma and then leave the second one as it is.
106
What's the difference between しと and ひと
ひと - Is more casual and used more generally e.g. there is a group of people しと - Is more formal meaning it is used more in written documents or in formal settings. It also tends to refer more to a person's characteristics.
107
If a question word is the subject of a sentance what never happens?
You never follow it with は. Instead you follow it with が
108
What's the difference between にぎやか and いそがし?
にぎやか - For places いそがし - For people
109
What is the short form used for?
To speak informally e.g. with friends or family
110
How do you say "I think that..."
You put the message (what you think) then use the short form of the verb/noun/adjective and then add とおもいます
111
How do you quote someone e.g. Mary said....
You put what was said and then use the short form of the verb/noun/adjective and then add といっていました
112
How do you ask someone not to do something
Use a negative short form of the verb/noun.adjective and then add でください
113
How do you say what you like or dislike doing? Bonus - What can this format also be used for?
person + は + activity (in short form) + の + to like/dislike Bonus - Saying you are good or not good at something, just swap the to like/dislike phrase with the good at/not good at phrase
114
What are the three groups of verbs when converting from polite (masu) to dictionary form
1. U verbs - end in an い sounds, 70%, 2. Ru verbs - ends in an え sounds, 30%. 3. Irregular verbs
115
Name 2 irrelgular verbs
します& きます
116
We know you don't have to put に after time phrases like today, tomorrow, next week etc but what time phrases DO you have to use it for? (2)
Days and months e.g. ichigatsu, kinyoubi need に after them AND time
117
We know you don't have to put に after time phrases like today, tomorrow, next week etc but what other time phrases DON'T you have to use it for?
After regular intervals so if you do something every morning, using まい you don't have to add it. Similar with ごる for time, if that's there then you don't need a に
118
What question word never has に after it?
When いつ so you would just say いつ いきますか without the に
119
What's the difference between じゃあね and またね?
またね is closer to "see you again" or "see you next time", whereas じゃあね is just "bye".
またね is used fairly casually, and it's usually not a serious promise/suggestion to meet you again.
120
How would you say I don't have a tv vs this isn't a tv?
テレビ が ありません - I don't have a tv
テレビ でわありません - this isn't a tv
121
What is the phrase to remember the group 2 exceptions of the dictionary form of verbs? (9)
You GET UP, TAKE A SHOWER, BORROW a towel, PUT ON A SHIRT, ARE ABLE TO catch your train, GET OFF THE TRAIN, and be glad to BE ALIVE because you can SEE that you have ENOUGH to make you happy
122
What do you do to the します verbs that AREN'T in group 3 of the dictionary form verbs?
You don't conjugate it like you would with します and instead conjugate it like a group 1 verb e.g. turn the い to an う so the し becomes す
123
What do you do to the group 2 exceptions of the dictionary form of verbs?
You conjugate them like they are in group 2 so simply take off the ます and add る
124
What job would you not refer to yourself as and what would you say instead?
Teacher.
So you would not refer to yourself as せんせい because it would sound odd and is a title of respect for others to give you.
Instead you would call yourself きょうし
125
What happens if you do add に to a regular interval e.g. every morning
You don't need to add the particle but adding it stresses that you do that every day so t's putting particular emphasis on the every day part instead of the activity. It's just a preference.
126
What do you do to verbs ending in い ち りto conjugate them into te form?
take off the final character before masu and add って
127
What do you do to verbs ending in ぎ to conjugate them into te form?
take off the final character before masu and add いでRemember - it spells gi ide as in giddy
128
What do you do to verbs ending in し to conjugate them into te form?
take off the final character before masu and add して
129
What are the masu forms that take いで in て form?
ぎ
130
What are the masu forms that takeいて in て form?
き
131
What are the masu forms that take って in て form?
い ち り
132
What do you do to verbs ending in に び み to conjugate them into te form?
take off the final character before masu and add んで
133
What do you do to verbs ending in き to conjugate them into te form?
take off the final character before masu and add いてRemember - it spells Ki ite as in kitty
134
What are the masu forms that take して in て form?
し
135
What are the masu forms that take んで in て form?
に び み
136
What word means party and is added onto the end of works to signal parties/big groups?
かい - Party
So birthday party would be たんじょうびかい
Farewell party would be そうべつかい
137
What does も do with the following particles に を で は ?
It replaces - を は
It pairs with - に で to become にもand でも
138
When would you use きっぷ vs チケット?
チケット- more for general tickets e.g. for a concert きっぷ - more for travel tickets
139
What do you add to the end of a verb to say you are planning/not planning to do that action (depending on if the verb is positive or negative)?
つもり
140
If you're saying after something like after a meal, how would you put that?
Event + no + after + ni
so...
ごはんのあとに - after the meal
141
What phrase means because (as I said), so implies you’ve mentioned it before and it’s usually a flustered re-iteration. Slightly frustrated.
だって
142
What word mean NOT MUCH/NOT VERY whatever word it's paired with it (e.g. clean) means not much (not very clean)?
あまり
So あまりいいほん means not a very good book
143
What does a verb in the て form plus いる / います mean?
It is one of three things
1. Describing an action in progress
2. Describing a person's occupation or habit
3. Describing the result of a change
144
What does どれ mean and what is special about it?
Which but is only for THREE or more things.
145
What is the phrase to remember which します verbs AREN'T in group 3 of the dictionary form verbs? 10
REMEMBER to PUSH the button to make a WITHDRAW and TURN OFF the automatic feature so that you can TAKE OUT the money you need to RETURN to your friend who LENT you money who you hardly ever TALK to but are making an attempt to REPAIR your relationship with them before you LOSE them.
146
What's the difference between そうですか and そうですね?
そうですか - Is that so?/I see
そうですね - hmm/well (basically used to give you time to think)
147
How do you change a masu form verb into short form past affirmative?
Change it into て form and then change the て/で into た/だ
148
How do you change a masu form verb into short form past negative?
Change it into the present negative and then replace the い with かった
149
How do you change an i adjective into short form past affirmative?
Same as how you'd convert an i adjective into past affirmative but with no desu so かわいかった instead of かわいかったです
150
How do you change a na adjective into short form past affirmative?
So instead of でした use だった (the で becomes だ) e.g. しずかだった しずかでした
151
How do you change a noun into short form past affirmative?
The same as na adjectives so So instead of でした use だった (the で becomes だ) e.g. がくせいだった instead of がくせいでした
152
How do you change an i adjective into short form past negative?
Same as how you'd convert an i adjective into past negative but with no desu so かわいくなかった instead of かわいくなかったです
153
How do you change a na adjective into short form past negative?
Same as how you'd convert a na adjective into past negative but with no desu so しずかじゃなかった instead of しずかじゃなかったです
154
How do you change a noun into short form past negative?
Same as how you'd convert a noun into past negative but with no desu so がくせいじゃなかった instead of がくせいじゃなかったです
155
How is でも different from が?
Also means but however not like が, it's more like to add information to what you're saying and isn't the same but as English
156
What is the other way to say but?
でも, Also means but however not like が, it's more like to add information to what you're saying and isn't the same but as English
157
What's the difference between いえ and うち?
いえ just means home or house whereas うち means my home or house
158
What word mean NOT AT ALL whatever word it's paired with?
ぜんぜん
ぜんぜん + negative word = not at all word
159
なにも + negative means what?
Not anything or nothing
