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Large Animal Anatomy > Ruminant and Porcine Repro - Comparative Anatomy > Flashcards

Ruminant and Porcine Repro - Comparative Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the features if the ovine birth canal

A

elongated craniocaudally
iliac shafts are slender
iliac crest is nearly straight
tuber ischiadiacum is pronounced

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2
Q

Describe the features of the bovine birth canal

A

45* slope of pelvis
ischiatic tuberosity is trifid
pelvic floor is concave
both shafts of ilium are parallel

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3
Q

Describe the pelvic outlet of the bovine

A

narrow/constricted
ischiatic table slopes caudo-dorsally

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4
Q

Describe the features of the porcine birth canal

A

sacrosciatic ligament is well formed
birth cancal is almost straight, craniocaudally
large pelvic inlet

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5
Q

Describe the scrotum of the ruminant

A

vertically elongated and pendulous
located between the thighs

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6
Q

Describe the bovine scrotum

A

glabrous

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7
Q

Describe the scrotum of small ruminants

A

hairy

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8
Q

Is the ampulla of the ductus deferens present in ruminants? What about in swine?

A

present in ruminants
absent in swine

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9
Q

What makes up the ejaculatory duct? Which species is it present in?

A

ductus deferens + vesicular duct
absent in porcine

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10
Q

Describe the testis of ruminants

A

vertically elongated, oval

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11
Q

Describe the testis of the porcine

A

oblique, squamous shaped
cranial and caudal poles are pointed

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12
Q

Where is the epididymis in relation to the testis in rumiants?

A

lies medial to the testis

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13
Q

Where is the epididymis in relation to the testis in the pig?

A

lies dorsal to the testis
tail = dorsal
head = ventral

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14
Q

Describe the vesicular gland of the bovine

A

lobulated, pear-shaped, firm
dorsolateral to the neck of the bladder

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15
Q

Describe the vesicular gland of small ruminants

A

oval, lobulated
same location as the bovine

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16
Q

Describe the vesicular gland of the pig

A

extremely large
long, pyramidal and hard

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17
Q

Describe the prostate gland of the bovine

A

transverse body
large disseminate part - covered by urethral muscles
ring shaped

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18
Q

Describe the prostate gland of small ruminants

A

only disseminate part present

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19
Q

Describe the prostate gland of the pig

A

both body and disseminate parts are present
disseminate part is large and covered by urethral muscles

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20
Q

Describe the bulbourethral gland of ruminants

A

small, pea shaped
by the ischial arch and caudo-dorsal part of the pelvic urethra
flattened and covered by the bulbospongiosus muscle

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21
Q

Describe the bulbourethral gland of the pig

A

very large
dorso-lateral to the pelvic urethra
long, cylindrical, cigar-shaped
vovered by bulboglandularis muscle

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22
Q

What type of penis do ruminants and pigs have? What does this mean in relation to the types of erections they have?

A

fibroelastic type
erection does not influence width, but does increase width

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23
Q

In which species is there a sigmoid flexure in the penis? What region is the flexure located in?

A

rumiants and pig
in the thigh region - caudal to the neck of the scrotum

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24
Q

Describe the glans of the bovine penis

A

twisted anticlockwise - left
narrow urethral opening

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25
What is the apical ligament of the bovine penis?
fan shaped ligament originating from the tunica albogenia inserts onto the free end of the penis
26
Describe the glans of the small ruminant penis
raised, globular, highly cavernous
27
What is the urethral process of the small ruminant penis?
projection beyonf the glans
28
Describe the terminal part of the porcine glans penis
twisted anticlockwise corkscrew shape
29
Describe the prepuce of ruminants
very long
30
Describe the prepuce of the pig
internal lamina invaginates forming a dorsal blind pocket = preputial diverticulum
31
Describe the internal iliac artery of ruminants
very long
32
Describe the location of the ovaries of ruminants and the pig
located more caudally at the ventrolateral border of the pevlic inlet
33
Describe the ovaries of ruminants
oval relatively small follicles and corpa leutea project abobe the surface of the ovary
34
Describe the ovaries of the pig
irregularly shaped and nodular long mesovarium - mixes with intestines
35
Describe the oviduct of ruminants and the sow
isthmus gradually widens in diameter as it connects to the uterine horn
36
Describe the uterine horn of ruminants
spirally shaped coils/curves back on itself caudal parts run close together before fusing cranial parts - non fused, form the urterine velum
37
Which species have a dorsal and ventral intercornual ligament? Which only have one?
cows have both small ruminants only have one
38
Describe the uterine horn of the sow
"intestiniform" resemble jejunal loops free in abdominal cavity - mix with intestines very long and flexuous
39
What are uterine caruncles?
arranged in 4 rows of 10-12/horn area where fetal membranes attach convex in bovine concave in small ruminants when not pregnant - appear are small bumps with smooth surface
40
What forms placentomes?
fetal membrane attached to caruncle via cotyledons
41
Describe the uterine body in the ruminant and sow
single, short and small
42
Describe the braod ligament of the bovine uterus
expansive uterus lies dorsally
43
Do ruminants have a round ligament?
no
44
Describe the cervix of ruminants
lined by plicae circulares (3-4 circular folds) vaginal fornix
45
Describe the vaginal fornix of cows
has a dorsal and ventral part
46
Describe the cervix of the sow
longest lined by pulvini vervicales - interlock to block the rumen thins out and merges with the walls of the uterus and vagina NO FORNIX - NO PORTIO VAGINALIS
47
Describe the vagina of the cow
very long 3:1 ratio compared to the vestibule
48
Describe the vestibule of ruminants
major and minor vestibular glands (minor may be absent in ewe) only cow has major
49
What is another name for major vestibular glands?
Bartholins glands
50
Do goats have vestibular glands?
no
51
Describe the vestibule of the pig
longer than the cow only minor vestibular glands
52
Where can supernumery teats be found in ruminants?
bovine: caudo-ventral surface of the udder small ruminants: cranial surface of the mamma
53
Can males develop supernumery teats?
yes
54
Describe the shape of the mamme in the cow and ewe
hemishpherical
55
Describe the shape of the mamme in the doe
pendulous
56
How many mamme do cows have?
4 inguinal
57
How many mamme do small ruminants have?
2 inguinal
58
How manu mamme does the sow have?
10-18 thoracoabdominal/thoracoinguinal
59
What are the median and transverse intermammary grooves?
separate the mamme into forequaters, hindquaters and left and right transverse is poorly defined but these ducts don't communicate
60
What are the rosettes of Furstenburg?
longitudinal folds within the trat canal/papillary duct
61
Describe the skin of the teat in ruminants
loose, smooth, hairless
62
What is the papillary sphincter?
smooth muscle + elastic tissue sphincter guarding the opening of the teat
63
What is the venous ring of Furstenburg?
venous plexus at the base of the teat that separates the gland sinus from the teat sinus within the lactiferous sinus (milk storage)
64
Describe the mammae of the ewe
2 mammae, one mammary gland ea one lectiferous sinus one papillary duct compact udder, distinct intermammary groove
65
Describe the mammae of the doe
2 mammae, 6-9 mammary glands ea open into lactiferous ducts ea teat has one papillary duct udder is pendulous and sac like
66
Describe the mammae of the sow
up to 18 mammae, 2-3 mammary glands ea 2-3 teat orifaces
67
Which lymph node provides additional drainage for the mammae of the sow?
axillary
68
Describe the suspensory apparatus of the udders in the cow
best developed in the cow lateral suspensory lamina medial suspensory lamina
69
Describe the lateral suspensory lamina
thick collagenous from the deep fascia of the abdominal wall + symphyseal tendon encloses blood vessels, nerves and parenchyma
70
Describe the medial suspensory lamina
thicker and stronger than lateral from yellow elastic tissue
71
Describe the arterial circle in the udders
anastomosis of the cranial and caudal mammary arteries at the base of the udder (small contribution from cranial superficial epigastric artery)
72
Milk vein aka
cranial superficial epigastric vein subcutaneous abdominal vein
73
How does the milk vein enter the abdominal wall?
via the milk well - opening in the rectus abdominis muscle

Large Animal Anatomy (30 decks)

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