ruminant GIT

Question 1

where does the oesophagus run through in the body

Answer 1

-begins at pharynx and runs dorsal to trachea
-lies to the left in mid neck and regions medial position after entering thorax
-continues past the tracheal bifurcation then past the heart and penetrates the diaphragm at the oesophageal hiatus

Question 2

what is the cow oesophagus capable of

Answer 2

peristalsis and anti peristalsis

Question 3

locations of choke

Answer 3

cervical region, thoracic inlet, base of the heart, hiatus of the diaphragm and cardia of rumen

Question 4

what type of stomach does the cow have

Answer 4

complex and composite

Question 5

4 types of stomachs in the cows

Answer 5

omasum
abomasum (true stomach, glandular)
reticulum
rumen

Question 6

are cows handgut or foregut fermenters

Answer 6

foregut

Question 7

which stomach is the fermentation vat

Answer 7

rumen

Question 8

is the reticulum smaller than the rumen

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

function of the reticulum

Answer 9

keeps the fluid in the rumen moving, and acts as a pump to allow liquid to flow into and out of the rumen

Question 10

where are the rumen and reticulum located

Answer 10

occupy the entire left side of the abdominal cavity, extending from the diaphragm at the 7th rib to the pelvis

Question 11

where does the reticulum lie

Answer 11

medial to the 6th and 8th rib on the left

Question 12

where is the omasum located

Answer 12

lower part of the cranial abdomen between reticulum and cranial rumen to the left and the liver on the right

Question 13

where is the abomasum located

Answer 13

lies largley on the abdominal floor at about the midline or just to the right (the pylorus)

Question 14

3 regions of the abomasum

Answer 14

funds, body, pyloric region

Question 15

in cows and sheep does the abomasum make contact with the liver

Answer 15

not in cows but yes in sheep

Question 16

what is the inside appearance of the reticulum

Answer 16

honeycomb

Question 17

what lines the inside of the rumen

Answer 17

grooves that correspond with thickened smooth muscle pillars on the inside of the rumen

Question 18

what divides the dorsal and ventral ruminal sacs

Answer 18

luminal pillars

Question 19

what divides the caudal blind sacs

Answer 19

coronary pillars

Question 20

what divides the dorsal and cranial sacs

Answer 20

cranial pillar

Question 21

function of papillae in the fore stomach

Answer 21

increases surface area for the absorption of VFA

Question 22

what are the 3 gastric groves called

Answer 22

-reticular groove (for rumen and reticulum)
-omasal groove
-abomasal groove

Question 23

where does the gastric grove pass to and from

Answer 23

starts at the cardia of the reticulum to the abomasum

Question 24

what is the function of the gastric grove

Answer 24

it allows ingested milk to bypass the forestomach hence avoiding fermentation

Question 25

what is the omentum

Answer 25

double layered connecting peritoneum between the stomach and abdominal organs/wall

Question 26

where does attachment of the greater omentum begin

Answer 26

dorsal to the oesophagus

Question 27

where does the lesser omentum arise

Answer 27

visceral surface of the liver

Question 28

where does the superficial greater omentum arise from

Answer 28

left side of the rumen

Question 29

where does the superficial greater omentum arise from

Answer 29

the right side of the rumen

Question 30

where do both leaves of the greater omentum extend from and attach to

Answer 30

extend ventrally and to the right of the rumen and both leaves attach to the descending duodenum

Question 31

internal structure of rumen

Answer 31

short/long papillae, stratified squamous epithelium

Question 32

function of the rumen

Answer 32

storage, fermentation vat, absorbs VFA

Question 33

internal strut of cow reticulum

Answer 33

long folds with conical papillae with keratinised tips
-has lamina propria, lamina muscularis, tunica muscularis

Question 34

parts of the small and large intestines

Answer 34

-duodenum, jejunum, ileum
-caecum
-ascending colon
-proximal loop of colon
-spiral colon
-distal loop of colon
-transverse colon
-descending colon

Question 35

what is the main artery that supplies the stomach

Answer 35

celiac artery

Question 36

what are the 3 branches of the celiac artery

Answer 36

splenic, left, gastric and hepatic artery

Question 37

which arteries follow the longitudinal grooves

Answer 37

right (from splenic) and left ruminal arteries (from left gastric)

Question 38

which arteries follow the lesser curvature of the abomasum

Answer 38

right and left gastric

Question 39

what arteries follow the greater curvature of the abomasum

Answer 39

right and left gastroepiploic arteries

Question 40

what artery is the bulk of the intestines supplied by

Answer 40

cranial mesenteric artery

Question 41

what artery supplies the first part of the duodenum

Answer 41

celiac artery

Question 42

what artery supplies the descending colon

Answer 42

caudal mesenteric artery

Question 43

is vagus nerve parasympathetic or sympathetic

Answer 43

parasympathetic

Question 44

vagus nerve

Answer 44

-innovated in motor and sensory pathways
-controls the contraction of the rumen and reticulum and reflex of gastric grove

Question 45

is the splanchnic nerve parasympathetic or sympathetic

Answer 45

sympathetic

Question 46

splanchnic nerves