Ruminant Stomach (Exam 2)

Question 1

Polygastric vs monogastric

Answer 1

poly: 4 compartments (ruminant)
mono: 1 compartment (cat/dog/horse)

Question 2

3 compartments of forestomach

Answer 2

rumen
reticulum
omasum

Question 3

Another name for forestomach (ruminants)

Answer 3

proventriculus

Question 4

Purpose of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in forestomach (ruminant)

Answer 4

protection against ingestion of coarse vegetation

Question 5

Forestomach can hold up to ____ gallons and ___ takes up lots of space in the rumen.

Answer 5

50-55
gas

Question 6

The close relationship between the rumen and reticulum is called:

Answer 6

ruminoreticulum

Question 7

Ruminoreticulum occupies entire (left/right) side of the abdominal cavity in ruminants along with what other structure?

Answer 7

left
spleen

Question 8

Rumen pushes _____ to the midline or right side of the abdominal cavity.

Answer 8

left kidney (“hangs” but Renal A/V)

Question 9

Left surface of the rumen against abdominal wall

Answer 9

parietal surface

Question 10

Right surface of rumen contacting most intestines

Answer 10

visceral surface

Question 11

Which rumen groove does NOT correspond to pillar? What does it correspond to?

Answer 11

ruminoreticular groove
ruminoreticular fold

Question 12

Which rumen grooves extend dorsally and ventrally and create a circular area interiorly?

Answer 12

coronary grooves

Question 13

_____ are on the outside of the rumen, while _____ correspond internally.

Answer 13

grooves
pillars

Question 14

Internal thickenings of wall internal to grooves

Answer 14

pillars

Question 15

Which pillar delineated the insula ruminis?

Answer 15

accessory pillar

Question 16

What structures are delineated by cranial and caudal pillars of the rumen?

Answer 16

dorsal sac + ventral sac

Question 17

What are the 2 major parts of the rumen?

Answer 17

dorsal sac + ventral sac

Question 18

What is delineated by dorsal coronary pillars (L+R) internally and continuous with caudal pillars?

Answer 18

caudodorsal blind sac

Question 19

“Pouch” or “space” of rumen that’s not part of the dorsal sac and develops from another out-pocketing in the embryo

Answer 19

atrium ruminis

Question 20

Atrium ruminis is part of the rumen between what 2 structures?

Answer 20

dorsal sac + reticulum

Question 21

Internally, the atrium ruminis is bounded by _____ of the rumen and _____.

Answer 21

cranial pillar
ruminoreticular fold

Question 22

Term for the deep cranial end of the ventral sac of the rumen

Answer 22

recessus ruminis

Question 23

Caudoventral blind sac is delineated by _______ and ______.

Answer 23

caudal pillar
ventral coronary pillars (L+R)

Question 24

Term for opening of cranial sac –> reticulum

Answer 24

ruminoreticular ostium

Question 25

Opening between dorsal + ventral sac internally (delineated by pillars)

Answer 25

intraruminal ostium

Question 26

Projections of mucosa in rumen are ____ and are prominent where? NOT prominent where?

Answer 26

papillae ventral sac + atrium ruminis dorsal sac - "cap" of gas

Question 27

Function of papillae

Answer 27

absorption

Question 28

Function of Reticulum

Answer 28

pass small enough particles --> omasum

Question 29

Reticulum is right against the caudal surface of ______.

Answer 29

diaphragm (cupula)

Question 30

Reticulum is from ~__ rib --> ~__ rib.

Answer 30

6th --> 8th

Question 31

The reticulum is caudal to what organ? Clinical significance?

Answer 31

heart "hardware disease"

Question 32

Which forestomach compartment has opening of the esophagus?

Answer 32

reticulum

Question 33

Term for opening of esophagus --> stomach

Answer 33

cardiac ostium

Question 34

Groove connecting opening of reticulum (ventral from cardiac ostium)

Answer 34

reticular groove

Question 35

Opening from reticulum --> omasum

Answer 35

reticulo-omasal ostium

Question 36

Clinical significance of reticulo-osmasal ostium

Answer 36

calf eats milk right away and non-glandular part underdeveloped "lips" contract to get milk from omasum --> abomasum quickly

Question 37

What gives the reticulum its name?

Answer 37

cells in tunica mucosa (reticular cells)

Question 38

Reticular cells in the reticulum are delineated by larger projections of thick mucosal folds called ______.

Answer 38

reticular crests

Question 39

Omasum is on the (right/left) and between ribs __ and __.

Answer 39

right 8 & 11

Question 40

Omasum is very (moist/dry). Why?

Answer 40

dry - laminae absorb water/ions

Question 41

Short groove from reticulum --> omasum w/o laminae

Answer 41

omasal groove

Question 42

Opening where milk is shunted directly through in calves

Answer 42

omasoabomasal ostium

Question 43

Thickened tissue at the omasoabomasal ostium

Answer 43

omasal pillar

Question 44

Omasum have ___ layer(s) of smooth muscle in each ____.

Answer 44

3 laminae

Question 45

____ are large folds of mucosa in the fundus/body of the abomasum.

Answer 45

spiral folds

Question 46

What is the term for combination of reticular, omasal, and abomasal grooves?

Answer 46

gastric groove

Question 47

What is the subtle depression on interior of lesser curvature of abomasum where spiral folds begin?

Answer 47

abomasal groove

Question 48

Ligament of lesser omentum that attaches abomasum --> liver

Answer 48

hepatogastric ligament

Question 49

Ligament of lesser omentum that attaches cranial part of duodenum --> liver

Answer 49

hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 50

What is the only difference between the lesser omentum in small animals?

Answer 50

longer distance to get to stomach

Question 51

Which groove of the rumen attaches to superficial wall of greater omentum?

Answer 51

left longitudinal groove

Question 52

Which groove of the rumen attaches to the deep wall of the greater omentum?

Answer 52

right longitudinal groove

Question 53

Greater omentum splits into 2 layers:

Answer 53

superficial + deep layers

Question 54

Superficial + deep layers of greater omentum come together (ventrally/dorsally) and attach to _____.

Answer 54

dorsally descending duodenum

Question 55

Peritoneal cavity above reflection of greater omentum where intestines are located

Answer 55

supraomental recess

Question 56

In ruminants, the left gastroepiploic A comes off the _____ A.

Answer 56

left gastric A

Question 57

Right + Left Ruminal Aa come off ____ A.

Answer 57

splenic

Question 58

______ A branches into the reticular A in the _______.

Answer 58

left ruminal A ruminoreticular groove