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Large Animal Anatomy > Thoracic Limb Osteology (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Thoracic Limb Osteology (Exam 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

What muscles attach to the serrated surface of the scapula?

A

serratus ventralis Mm

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2
Q

What muscle attaches to the subscapular fossa of the scapula?

A

subscapularis M

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3
Q

Which muscles attach to the spine of the scapula?

A

trapezius M
deltoideus M

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4
Q

Which muscle attaches to the supraspinous fossa of the scapula?

A

supraspinatus M

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5
Q

Which muscle attaches to the infraspinous fossa of the scapula?

A

infraspinatus M

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6
Q

Which muscle attaches to the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula?

A

teres minor M

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7
Q

Which muscle attaches to the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula?

A

biceps brachii M

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8
Q

Which muscle attaches to the coracoid process of the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula?

A

coracobrachialis M

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9
Q

Term for bony enlargement near middle of free border of spine of scapula in pig, horse, and ox.

A

spinal tuber

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10
Q

What muscle attaches to the spinal tuber of the scapula?

A

trapezius M

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11
Q

Which species lack an acromion of the scapula?

A

horse
pig

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12
Q

The acromion of the cat has a caudal projection called ________.

A

suprahamate process

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13
Q

The distal portion of the acromion in the cat is called __________.

A

hamate process

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14
Q

Scapular cartilage is well-developed in ________ and poorly developed in ________.

A

ungulates
carnivores

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15
Q

Which muscles attach to the scapular cartilage and dorsal border of scapula?

A

rhomboideus Mm

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16
Q

Term for notch in craniomedial border of glenoid cavity of the scapula in the horse

A

glenoid incisure (notch)

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17
Q

Which 3 species have no clavicle?

A

pig
ruminant
horse

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18
Q

What does the head of the humerus articulate with?

A

glenoid cavity

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19
Q

Which muscles attach to the greater tubercle of the humerus?

A

supraspinatus M
infraspinatus M

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20
Q

What muscle attaches to lesser tubercle of humerus?

A

subscapularis M

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21
Q

What is transmitted through the intertubercular groove of the humerus?

A

tendon of biceps brachii M

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22
Q

What attaches to the tricipital line of the humerus?

A

lateral head of triceps brachii M

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23
Q

What structure on the humerus does the teres minor M attach?

A

teres minor tuberosity

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24
Q

Which muscle attaches to the humeral crest of the humerus?

A

cleidobrachialis M

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25
Where does the deltoideus M attach on the humerus?
deltoid tuberosity
26
Where does the brachialis M lie on the humerus?
brachialis M groove
27
Which muscles attach to the teres major tuberosity?
teres major M latissimus dorsi M
28
Where do caudomedial antebrachial Mm and medial collateral ligament of elbow joint attach?
medial epicondyle
29
Where do craniolateral antebrachial Mm and lateral collateral ligament of elbow joint attach?
lateral epicondyle
30
Which muscle originates at the lateral supracondylar crest of the humerus?
extensor carpi radialis M
31
Which muscle attaches to the cranial part of the greater tubercle of the humerus? Caudal part?
supraspinatus M infraspinatus M
32
(T/F) All ungulates have a cranial and caudal part of the greater tubercle of the humerus.
True
33
Which species do not have an obvious split of the greater tubercle?
carnivores
34
Which 2 species have cranial and caudal parts of the lesser tubercle of the humerus?
horse + ruminants
35
In horse and ruminants, the cranial part of the lesser tubercle of the humerus attaches to __________ M and the caudal part attaches to ________ M.
supraspinatus M subscapularis M
36
Which species has an intermediate tubercle? What's its significance?
horse stay apparatus
37
______ has a supratrochlear foramen of the humerus. _____ occasionally has it.
dog pig
38
What passes through the supratrochlear foramen of the humerus?
nothing
39
What vessels pass through the supracondylar foramen in the medial epicondyle of the humerus in the cat?
median N brachial A
40
What articulates with the fovea capitis of the radius?
condyle of humerus
41
Which muscle attaches to the radial tuberosity?
biceps brachii M
42
What attaches to the transverse crest of the radius?
palmar carpal ligament
43
What muscle attaches to the tuber olecrani of the olecranon of the ulna?
triceps brachii M
44
What articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna?
trochlea of humeral condyle
45
The carpal articular surface of the head of the ulna articulates with ________.
ulnar carpal bones
46
What species are the radius and ulna separate? Which are fused but differentiated? Which are fused and indistinguishable?
1. pig + carnivores 2. ruminant 3. horse
47
From medial to lateral, list the tendons that occupy the grooves on the cranial aspect of the junction of radial body and trochlea (3).
1. extensor carpi obliquus 2. extensor carpi radialis 3. common digital extensor
48
Which tendon occupies the groove on the lateral aspect of the radial trochlea?
lateral digital extensor
49
Because the ulna and radius are indistinguishable, the horse has a medial and lateral ____________.
styloid process
50
What is the generalized carpal bone pattern? Which bones form proximal row vs. distal row?
8 bones in 2 rows proximal: named bones distal: numbered bones
51
Which species has the generalized carpal bone pattern? How many carpal bones?
pig 8
52
How many carpal bones do carnivores have? Which fuse?
7 radial + intermediate --> intermedioradial
53
In ruminants, which carpal bone is absent? Which two are fused?
first carpal bone second + third fused
54
How many carpal bones are in ruminants?
6
55
What is the fused entity of the second and third carpal bones called in ruminants?
fused second and third carpal bone
56
Which possibly number of carpal bones does the horse have?
7 or 8
57
______ carpal bone is often absent in horses and rare individuals have a ______ carpal bone.
first fifth
58
Which carpal bone is the only one which is a point of attachment for muscles?
accessory carpal bone
59
Which muscles attach to the accessory carpal bone?
extensor carpi ulnaris flexor carpi ulnaris
60
How many metacarpal bones in the generalized pattern?
5
61
Match the species to metacarpal bone pattern: 1. 5 MC, first reduced 2. 4 MC, first absent, small MC2 & MC5 3. first & second absent, third and fourth fuse, fifth reduced 4. first & fifth absent, second & fourth reduced
1. carnivores 2. pig 3. ruminant 4. horse
62
What are two slang terms for the third and fourth fused metacarpal bone in ruminants?
cannon bone large metacarpal bone
63
What muscle attaches to the metacarpal tuberosity of MC3 in the horse?
extensor carpi radialis M
64
Which bones are the "splint bones" in the horse?
reduced second & fourth metacarpal bones
65
Which metacarpal bone is the "cannon bone" in the horse?
MC3
66
In carnivores, the first digit is typically what? How many phalanges?
paradigit 2
67
How many paradigits does the pig have? Which ones?
2 second & fifth
68
(T/F) Pigs have sesamoid bones.
False - lack them
69
What two unique features are on the distal phalanges of carnivores?
unguicular crest unguicular process
70
What 4 unique features do the distal phalanges have in ungulates?
1. parietal surface 2. solear surface 3. coronary border 4. solear border
71
What vessels enter the medial and lateral solear foramina in the horse?
medial and lateral digital Aa + Vv
72
Once passing through the medial and lateral solear foramina, the digital Aa become _______ in the solear canal of the horse.
terminal arterial and venous arches
73
What attach to the medial and lateral palmar processes in the horse?
cartilages of the hoof
74
Medial and lateral parietal grooves in the horse contain what?
dorsal branches of medial + lateral digital Aa & Vv
75
Inflammation of the medial and lateral cartilages of the hoof in the horse is called:
quittor
76
Term for ossification of the medial and lateral cartilages of the hoof in the horse
sidebone
77
Typically, __ proximal sesamoid bone(s) is/are on the palmar aspect of the _________ joint of each major digit.
metacarpophalangeal
78
Proximal sesamoid bones are embedded in what structure?
tendon of interosseus M
79
___ distal sesamoid bone(s) is/are on the palmar aspect of each distal _______ joint.
1 interphalangeal
80
(T/F) the distal sesamoid bones are embedded in tendons similar to the proximal sesamoid bones.
False
81
What is between the deep digital flexor M and distal sesamoid bone?
podotrochlear (navicular) bursa
82
In contrast to ungulates, the distal sesamoid bones in carnivores are usually ______.
cartilaginous
83
What are the 4 defined surfaces of each proximal sesamoid bone in the horse?
1. articular surface 2. flexor surface 3. interosseus muscle surface 4. basal surface
84
Match the 4 surfaces of the proximal sesamoid bone in the horse to what they articulate or what attaches there: 1. articular surface 2. flexor surface 3. interosseus muscle surface 4. basal surface
1. MC3 2. form groove for flexor tendon 3. interosseus M attaches 4. attachment for: straight sesamoid lig, oblique sesamoid ligg, cruciate sesamoid ligg, short sesamoid ligg
85
What is the distal sesamoid bone called in the horse?
navicular bone

Large Animal Anatomy (41 decks)

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