Running biomechanics: clinical assessment and intervention

Question 1

What is the overal injury incidence range among recreational runners?

Answer 1

19-78%

Question 2

What is the injury recurrence rate in runners?

Answer 2

20-70%

Question 3

What is the most common running related injury?

Answer 3

patellofemoral pain

Question 4

What are the 5 most common injuries among runners?

Answer 4

• PFPS
• ITBFS
• plantar fasciitis
• tibial stress fracture
• knee meniscal injuries

Question 5

in a clinical setting - what do phyiscal therapists do?

Answer 5

manipulate and manage load

Question 6

when do biomechanics matter

Answer 6

• with low load/forces but high volume
• with high loads/forces
• pain
• post surgical
• peak performance
• if there is pain with a movement

Question 7

What are the 3 categories of load?

Answer 7

• cumulative load
• peak load
• rate of load

Question 8

what is cumulative load

Answer 8

total volume (number of miles/steps etc)

Question 9

What is peak load

Answer 9

how much load is seen at one moment

Question 10

what is rate of loading

Answer 10

how quickly load is applied

Question 11

tissue homeostasis and envelope of function means what

Answer 11

load and capacity are equal (in homeostasis)

injury occurs when either load or capacity gets out of homeostasis

Question 12

any __________ in biomechanical laod at the site of injury could help reduce pain and potentially maintain running load

Answer 12

reduction

this may be short term to allow the continuation of running while injury is being rehabbed

Question 13

increased contralateral pelvic drop may be related to

Answer 13

• ITBS
• anterior knee pain
• lateral hip pain on stance leg

Question 14

increased trunk motion in either direction can be related to

Answer 14

• LBP
• ipsilateral side bend may occur in an attempt to unload the lateral hip of the stance limb

Question 15

At what point of the run cycle are you assessing trunk sidebend

Answer 15

midstance

Question 16

At what point in the run cycle are you assessing lateral pelvic drop

Answer 16

midstance

description: line through the posterior superior iliac spines related to true horizontal

Question 17

At what point in the run cycle are you assessing knee center position and knee separation

Answer 17

midstance

Question 18

what is the knee center position

Answer 18

position of knee center relative to a line connecting the hip and ankle centers

Question 19

what is knee separation

Answer 19

distance between the medial aspect of the knees

Question 20

what is the clinical relevance of knee center position

Answer 20

boht medial and lateral positions of the knee are related to PFPS

Question 21

What is the clinical relevance of knee separation

Answer 21

narrow or wide knee distance, suggestive of dynamic valgus or dynamic varus, respectively, can be related to anterior knee and hip pain

Question 22

What is foot -to-COM position

Answer 22

mediolateral distance of the medial heel to a vertical ine from the center of the sacrum

this is speed specific - for examples sprinters will have a crossover and that is okay its apart of their sport

Question 23

what is the clinical relevance of foot-to-COM position

Answer 23

crossover is assocaited with medial tibial stress syndrome and ITBS

Question 24

what is rearfoot position

Answer 24

midline ofthe rearfoot relative to the midline ofthe lower leg

Question 25

clinical relevance of rearfoot position

Answer 25

increased pronation is assocaited with anterior knee pain, achilles tendinopathy, and medial tibial stress syndrome. increased supination is assocaited with bone stress injuries

Question 26

What is forefoot position

Answer 26

position of the forefoot relative to the heel

Question 27

What is full gait cycle heel-heigh symmetry

Answer 27

highest point of the heel during swing phase

Question 28

waht is the clinical relevance of forefoot position

Answer 28

increased abduction is related to achilles tendinopathy and plantar fasciopathy increased adduction is related to bone stress injuries

Question 29

what is the clinical relevance of full gait cycle heel height symmetry

Answer 29

asymmetrical heel heigh is associated with unequal power generation from LE

Question 30

What is the normal knee flexion angle in running at initial contact

Answer 30

20° of flexion

Question 31

What is normal knee flexion angle during midstance of running

Answer 31

40° flexion

Question 32

what three things create the peak vertical GRF

Answer 32

- step rate - foot inclinaton angle at initial contact - vertical displacement of COM

Question 33

What 4 things create the braking impulse

Answer 33

- step rate - heel to COM distance at inital contact - foot incllination angle at initial contact - vertical displacemetn of COM

Question 34

what three things create the mechanical energy absorbed about the knee during running?

Answer 34

- step rate - foot inclination angle at initial contact - peak knee flexion during stance