Rural and urban processes Flashcards

Question

describe Somali population in Cardiff

Answer 1

- population in Cardiff is estimated to be around 10,000 - most of them live within the inner urban area in the wards of Grangetown and Riverside. -- they choose to live here to be close to other family members - the area has many shops that cater to muslim population and also has a number of mosques - some may choose to live in Butetown as the first Somali migrants settled there

Answer 2

a person who travels from one country or area to another in order to improve their standard of living.

Answer 3

someone who has to travel for work, typically by car over a long distance on regular basis

Answer 4

- many commuters live in the region surrounding the city and travel into the city each day for work - a smaller number of commuters travel in the opposite direction, leaving their home in the city to work in a nearby town - almost 11.3 million people in the UK commute to work every day

Answer 5

- large cities have more jobs available, so they pull young families of working age to work there. - however, house prices in the city cannot be afforded by everyone - its often cheaper to live in a smaller town and commute into the city - this leads to more congested roads in the city and a longer average commute time

Answer 6

- as cities have grown and traffic has become busier, wealthy city residents have decided to move out of the city - they buy small cottages in a village in the countryside like Cowbridge - with very few houses for sale in this type of village, demands exceed supply and house prices rise making it difficult for locals to buy a house

Answer 7

- 20 km west of Penarth - 20 km south-west of Caerphilly - 10 km north-west of Cardiff airport

Answer 8

as houses outside of the city are cheaper, people will prefer to live there, and so commuting increases as jobs may be in the city

Answer 9

fast rail links increases the efficiency of commuting, therefore people will choose to commute more as they can get to work at a similar time despite living further away

Answer 10

as the price of fuels and rail fares increase, the cost of commuting becomes more expensive, so people will choose not to commute as much

Answer 11

good signals and wifi allow people to work while commuting, reducing workload and stress, so people would choose to commute more

Answer 12

it means that it is good for the environment, and they would have to buy less fuel, decreasing the costs of commuting, so people would choose to commute more

Answer 13

can help reduce traffic as not everyone is travelling at the same period of time.

Answer 14

- chloropeth map (using a gradient of colours) - flow map -- using arrows of different sizes to represent the people (use different colouts for 'to' and 'from') - pictogram - use people diagrams - proportional circles

Answer 15

area within which local residents may be affected in either a good way or bad way

Answer 16

the process of change that involves population movement from urban areas to smaller towns and villages in the countryside.

Answer 17

- very few houses are built because planners do not want houses built in the countryside on greenfield sites - the supply of houses for sale is low - the price of rural housing goes up - locals, esp young adults/those on low incomes cannot afford to buy houses in the countryside - people on lowest income moves out - therefore, there is a breakdown of family cohesion

Answer 18

1. There are fewer people going to rural banks/building societies, they go online instead, as profit decreases at the banks, they close down 2. Many young individuals work in the CBD. Given the narrow opening and closing times of the bank it is not possible for them to visit before it closes. Due to this, rural banks' profit decrease and they close down

Answer 19

a plot of land that has not been used before for building

Answer 20

a development site where older buildings are demolished/renovated before a new development takes place

Answer 21

- infrastructure is already in place - costs less to build on - builder will have bigger profit margin

Answer 22

- if ground has had industrial use, soil may be contaminated - need to spend more money on cleaning the site - builder will have a less overall profit margin

Answer 23

- land is brand new, so soil will not be contaminated + there will be no obstructions - makes it more safe - wouldn't have to spend lots of money clearing the site - builder will have a bigger profit margin

Answer 24

- infrastructure will not be in place - will need to spend more money on it - builder will have less overall profit margin

Answer 25

A sustainable community focuses on the broader, integrated well-being of a place, including environmental, social, and economic aspects. Meanwhile, an eco home primarily concentrates on the environmental impact of a single house.

Answer 26

sustainable communities are: - fair for everyone (for everyone now and in the future) - active, inclusive and safe - well run and led (everyone feels heard) - environmentally sensitive - well designed - well connected - thriving (variety of work oppurtunities + strong economy) - well served (has a variety of services from public, private and voluntary sectors)

Answer 27

- heat energy is conserved well - so residents do not have to spend as much on heating and so heating costs are lower as well as reducing carbon emissions into atomosphere

Answer 28

- less need for lights on as rooms are fuller with natural light - so lower energy use - so lower fuel bill due to less consumption

Answer 29

- water is shred into storm drains slower during flash floods/storms - the flow of run-off is slower as the garden uses up some of the rainwater - this means incase of heavy storms, there is less likely to be floods - so there won't be any adverse effects on the city, economically

Answer 30

1. So that there is less pollution: - Cars that use combustion engines release carbon emissions into the air, which pollutes the air. Cycling, walking and public transport will help to reduce that. e.g Park and Ride scheme allows residents to park their cars and ride into the city, making it cheaper as well as less air polluting 2. To keep us healthy - Cycle lanes encourage people to cycle which means everyone gets more exercise. Policies that encourage cycling and walking allows people to become more healthy and have a better well-being 3. Less accidents on the road - Speed reductions to 20mph has shown to have reduced the number of major accidents on the road, and lowered carbon emissions into the atmosphere which is beneficial for contributing to a reduction in climate change 4. A nicer place to live - Speed reductions means there will be less congestion on the road. As more people opt to cycle/walk, there will be less cars on the road. This makes it nicer for residents who live in the inner urban areas as there will be less noise pollution. We could also free up space for parks and green spaces as there would be a lower need for roads and parking lots. 5. Efficiency - Many buses are electric, so air pollution is reduced. Many more travel in one journey, so greater efficiency, quicker time, given designated bus lanes. This reduces congestion so encourages greater use by commuters. 6. Efficient and fast rail links - With fast rail links, people are able to travel quickly, and are better connected to different areas within a city. Therefore, it would be a lot more efficient to travel by trains, so they can get to their destination quickly and with ease.

Answer 31

the geographical area from which a shop/service gets it customers. The catchment area can vary depending on type of goods

Answer 32

low cost items that customers buy frequently (e.g groceries)

Answer 33

more expensive items that are bought less often (e.g. TV, washing machine)

Answer 34

* distance a consumer is willing to travel to buy a product. * convenience goods are bought from a shop close to home. * consumers may be prepared to travel some distance for comparison goods

Answer 35

- the minimum population size needed to create demand for an item/service. - threshold population depends on the value of the product and how often that item/service is purchased - e.g low threshold -- hairdressers, news agents, groceries - e.g. high threshold -- car dealerships

Answer 36

1. - rates have to be paid on all shops - rates can be very high in city centre locations - therefore, they have forced some retailers out of business 2. - charity shops pay 80% less in rates than other shops. - so if a retailer goes out of business, the vacant shop is filled with a charity shop

Answer 37

1. - the way we shop is influenced by media, e.g. shoppers became concerned about the impact of plastics on the environment - this led to the pressure on retailers to reduce the amount of plastic used 2. - retailers are also influence by cultural trends (vegetarianism)

Answer 38

- around 27% of all retail sales in the UK are made online - flights are now bought online - this has lead to a decrease in sales at retail shops

Answer 39

*Retailer:* - as more customers buy online, the retail shops are less ures so there is a decrease of sales at retail shops, causing lots of business to close down *Consumer:* - they would not know if what they are buying online is a scam or not. - to check sizes of clothing, they may need to go in person, so online shopping would be an inconvenience

Answer 40

*Retailer:* - if a retailer sells online, the profit margins may be bigger as there are less overheads for staff *Consumer:* - they can buy items quickly without having to leave their house - they can order items on sundays and bank holidays as there is flexible hours in online shoppin

Answer 41

- variety of shops, close together so easy access - not affected by weather as it is indoors

Answer 42

- expensive parking - more congestion so takes more time - they end up spending more

Answer 43

- they are supporting independent, local businesses - parking is often cheaper

Answer 44

- cannot find parking in high street - range of goods is a lot less, there may not be comparison goods

Answer 45

- free parking, so they have more money to spend - less congestion - easier to get larger items into car

Answer 46

- affected by weather as it is outdoors - no independent store (only chain stores, so less range of choices)

Answer 47

*City centre:* - large catchment area - most shops - comparison goods - 50% of income *District shopping centre:* - medium catchment area - 25% of income *Local centre/corner shop:* - low catchment area - convenience goods - low cost - 10% of income

Answer 48

- avoids confusion - tells people clearly where to go - avoids arguments - ensures safety

Answer 49

- makes place more attractive - allows for shade in the summer - reduces flood risk and encourages nature - less pollution

Answer 50

- allows people to rest and interact with others - encourages outdoor leisure

Answer 51

- allow shoppers to ride into the CBD, without having to park some distance away - placed in an area where there is many stores, so allows for easy and quick access

Answer 52

- safer - encourages tourists

Answer 53

*Stage 1:* - plants are short and stunted *Stage 2:* - plants die - soil is exposed + eroded - walkers avoid the area due to mud *Stage 3:* - soil has been eroded even more - stones are exposed - wider path

Answer 54

the number of people a landscape can support before any lasting damage is done

Answer 55

* to prevent other vegetation from being damaged * otherwise, there would be more paths than wildlife, hence losing the natural beauty and damaging the environment

Answer 56

* soil has been eroded so plants cannot be grown * you would have to shut down the path, so it would be financially hard to repair the path * damage will continue despite repairing

Answer 57

places that attract so many visitors that they need careful management to avoid damage to the environment

Answer 58

economic benefits that spread through a regional economy after financial investment

Answer 59

a long-lasting benefit for local people and the regional economy created by a sporting event (social, health benefits)

Answer 60

***Improved public health:*** More people engaging in sports leads to a healthier population, reducing healthcare costs and improving overall well-being. ***Economic growth:*** Increased sports activity can stimulate local economies through increased spending on sports equipment, apparel, and related services. It can also attract sports events and tourism, boosting revenue for local businesses. ***Enhanced city image and attractiveness:*** A city with a strong sports culture and high participation rates can enhance its image, making it a more attractive place to live, work, and visit. This can lead to increased investment and talent attraction. ***Development of infrastructure:*** Higher participation rates can drive the need for improved and additional sporting facilities, benefiting the entire community.

Answer 61

***Improved quality of life:*** Access to good sporting facilities contributes to the overall quality of life for residents, offering opportunities for recreation, fitness, and social interaction. ***Enhanced reputation and image:*** Modern and well-maintained sporting facilities can enhance a city's reputation as a vibrant and forward-thinking place to live and visit. This can attract new residents, businesses, and investment. ***Community pride and social cohesion:*** Upgraded facilities can become hubs for community activity, fostering a sense of pride and belonging among residents. They provide spaces for people of all ages and backgrounds to come together.

Answer 62

***Increased tourism:*** Sporting events can attract visitors from outside the city, region, or even country. This tourism can have a lasting impact, as visitors may return in the future for leisure travel. ***Economic boost:*** Spectators spend money on tickets, transportation, accommodation, food, drinks, and souvenirs. This injects revenue into local businesses, supporting jobs and stimulating economic growth. ***Media exposure:*** Sporting events often attract significant media coverage, providing valuable exposure for the host city. This can highlight its attractions, culture, and overall appeal to a wider audience.

Rural and urban processes Flashcards

(87 cards)