Russia Flashcards
(87 cards)
1
Q
How many prisoners by 1960
A
11000
2
Q
Zemstva introduced
A
1864
3
Q
When was split bolsheviks and Mensheviks
A
1903
4
Q
Stalins economic regime?
A
Command economy 5 year plans
5
Q
1936 constitution what was the article
A
Article 126
6
Q
Membership from 1921 to 1928
A
73000 to 1000000
7
Q
Parties legal till?
A
1921
8
Q
Limitations of Dumas
A
1st duma executed by stolypin
3rd duma stolypin enforces article 87 for autocracy
9
Q
What decrees did Lenin bring in 1917
A
Workers and land and peace
10
Q
Order Soviet’s did to take army
A
Order no.1
11
Q
Justices of peace?
A
1881
12
Q
Judiciary reform
A
1921 terror
1864 jury
1917 revolutionary justice
13
Q
What was third element
A
Growing want for national g
14
Q
Facts about nkvd
A
Killed 30000
40 million gulags
Yagoda
15
Q
What was police force in charge of grain requisitioning
A
Cheka
16
Q
Police under a 3 and n 2
A
Okhrana
17
Q
Army facts
A
150000 joined Mrc
Purged 40% leaders
K 3.6 to 2.4
18
Q
Worker riots
A
1885 8000
1917 150000 worker riot
19
Q
How many peasant revolts after edict
A
647
20
Q
Who killed a2
A
Peoples will
21
Q
How long working day for workers
A
1897: 11.5 hours — 1964: 7 hours
22
Q
What war grew intellgensia and how
A
Russo-Turkish as angered their loss in conference in Europe as they lost land
23
Q
Who were removed by Stalin in 1928
A
Trotsky kamenev and zinoviev
24
Q
Peasant riot during k term
A
1962 riot over food shortages
25
How did a2 deal with opposition
Trial of the 50, long term for populists
26
Describe how zemstva introduction led to populist movement
Failed 1874 to gain support
Split into people’s will
400 members eventually killed him
27
Name a movement of opposition against a2
Land and liberty 1876
28
Name a 2 reforms
Edict 1961
Milyutins reforms on military reduced to 15 years service, could be conscripted if over 20
Unis could govern themselves
1865 censorship reforms
Secondary education expanded
29
How did a2 uphold autocracy
Tolstoy 1871 reduced zemstva on education
Replaced personal chancellery of his imperial majesty with council of ministers 1861, give impression lessened grip
30
What negative effects did a2 have on peasants
647 revolts
1866 state controlled freed
75% peasants got 4 dessyatina, 5 needed for life
Redemption payments 49 years
Poor land
31
Positive effects a 2 had on peasants
1905 nobility land down 40%
Free from serfdom
Got land
Could marry start business
32
Examples how minorities not neglected by a2
1863 diet of Finland gave them government
Commission for supremacist activity 1876
Polish rebellion start of Russification
Lot of factors in 1863 polish revolt
Some Jews were allowed out of pale settlement
33
How were minorities neglected by a2
Let polish revolt build up
Gave liberal policy on Baltic Germans , Estonian Jakobson campaigned
34
A 2 industrialisation info
Reutern 2000-14000 by 1878
35
A 3 industry
Medeliev tariff 1891
Bunge poll tax 1886 and salt tax 1881
Peasant land bank 1883
36
N2 industry
1893 42 mil , 1897 161 mil income
Rail x2 by 1901
Coal x2
Iron x7
Tax up
Output up 7%
Still 10% of B GNP
37
Lenin industry
War communism, state capitalism, militarisation, grain requisitioning, 30000 industries nationalised
Nep, trade, own businesses
1917 supreme economic council
1917 decree on land, private
1918 decree on workers control, run factories
38
Stalin industry
No trade
5 year plans l, gosplan, unrealistic targets, successful plan 1947
39
Khrushchev industry
77 per 1000 had washing machines
Focus on light industry
7 year plan 1959 success
40
A 3 agricultural reforms
Land captains enforced 1881
Medeliev tariff led to 1891 famine killed 350000
by 1900 80% peasants relied on agriculture
41
N 2 agricultural
Stolypin reform, unused land to land bank 1906
No attention
42
Lenin agriculture
Decree on land 1917
Grain requisitioning
Blamed kulaks
43
Stalin agriculture
Peasants fought back Bryansk oblast
Socialism
1941 98% peasants
Collectivisation, Stalin lied by saying 58% in collectives 1930
Dekulakisation, 30000 shot, 1928-30 1-3 mil kulaks deported
44
Khrushchev agriculture
Virgin land schemes, 5/6 land unusable, 1950 96 mil to 1964 165 mil
Increased electricity
45
Who much or Russia population in towns
15%
46
1914 how many towns had access to electricity and water
200 towns for water and 74 for electricity
47
Living space
8. 5 in 1905
| 5. 8 in 1935
48
How did stalins housing deteriorate in Moscow
Mid 1930s 25% living in shared households
49
How did krushchev change urban housing
Abandoned communal living
1955-1964 houses doubled
Housing cooperatives, although professionals could afford the deposit 15-30% of asking price
50
How did communists change rural housing
Stalin constructed special housing blocks
Khrushchev self contained Agro towns
51
What did Lenin introduce for workers
1920 rabkrin the workers and peasants inspectorate
52
How did communists threaten workers
Threats of purges
Fines 10% of their wages
53
Wages throughout the period
1903 workers insurance scheme
Communist bonus schemes for extra money to workers exceeded
1932 real wages fell by 50%
Took till 1954 to reach levels of 1920s
54
How did tsars treat religion
Pobedonostsev tightened senior clergy few dissented
Father John of Kronstadt supported autocracy
55
Communists on religion
Decree on the separation of the church from the state and school from the church
During civil war closed
Promoted atheist groups like League of the militant goddess 1925
1938 16 churches compared to 224 in 1930
Clergy reduced by 60%
1961 22nd all soviet congress moral code
56
How were non-orthodox religions treated
Most leaders encouraged orthodox
1883 old believers can preach in their own home no where else
Reinstated 1910
Had to go underground during communists
57
Secondary school change
A2 doubled attendance 1855- 1865
A3 banned peasants, bolsheviks changed
K got rid of fees
Emphasis on vocational 1931: 2.5 mil to 6.9 mil
58
Primary school change
1929 8 mil to 1930 18 mil
1864 major reform, board dominated by nobility, ran by zemstva
Before 1864 only rich
1877 ministry took over
1871 Tolstoy
59
Structure to society under tsars
Nobility decline
1900s over 80% peasants relied on agriculture
Worker and peasant blurred
Rise of middle class
Nobility reduced by 90% due to peasant purchases
60
Universities change
1861 students from st Petersburg uni
Moscow uni, under stolypin all non academic meetings banned, no poor
1863 statute gave unis autonomy
A3 brought an appointment system
A3 16500 students
61
Reasons for famine
Monoculture
Weather
Policies
Mir
62
Why was the provisional g a success
Promised elections to assembly
Bolsheviks determined
Liberal members like milyukov and guchkov
63
Reasons why PG doomed to fail
Lacked legitimacy
soviet large support
Peasant land problem
Allowed freedom of speech
Poor decisions
Delayed elections
64
How many bolsheviks newspapers in 1917
66
65
Kornilov affair
Kerensky weak
Showed pg was weak
Bolshevik heroes
66
Who was progressive bloc
1915 2/3 of Duma
67
N2 less press
Kopek paper 25000 in circulation 1894
68
A2 censorship
1865 reform allowed more publication
69
P g reforms
Secret courts ended
Okhrana gone
Elections to assembly
70
Economic impact of ww1
Inflation up 400%
Grain price up 100%
Coal 1913 29 mil to 1920 13 mil
Spent 3 billion roubles
71
Opposition from nationalities to p g
Rada in Ukraine pressed for autonomy
Sejm in Finland free from r g
P g slow for assembly
72
Against the fact p g faced opposition from minorities
Self rule in transcaucasus led to special transcaucasus committee
73
What was Crimea treaty
Treaty of Paris, r lost principalities
74
Russo Turkish treaty
Treaty of san Stefano 1879
Led to conference
Austria got Herzegovina and Bosnia
Angered intelligentsia
75
Russo Japanese treaty
Treaty of Portsmouth 1905
Admit J had presence in Korea
Leave port Arthur
Demanded reform
Poor communication
76
Crimea economic impact
2 mil roubles on track by reutern
Lost Bessarabia land
Restricted from Black Sea
77
Structure of gov Russian civil war
Sub committees after split in party
Nep for stability
78
Ww2 effects
5 mil prisoners
27 mil deaths
25 mil homeless
Membership 1941 3.76 to 1945 5.8
Sphere of influence
Land from Poland
Famine 1947
5 year plan after war effect
79
Effects of Cold War
Unrest Hungary 1856
De stalinisation
Test ban treaty 1963 USA and Russia
Mao
Anti party group
80
What proves k was arrogant
Cult of personality by banging shoe on table
81
K military cuts
3.6 to 2.4
82
How many people died from riots over virgin lands
24
83
Success for k economic and social
Earnings up 3%
77 per 1000 washing machines
Only poor weather 1963
Over 100 regional economic councils
84
What treaty with west was successful for k with west
Austrian state treaty 1955
85
When was Berlin Wall constructed and what were the impacts
1961
Quick to move to repression when policies failed
Prevented West from taking Berlin
86
K failed minorities
Resolved Tito and Yugoslavia by appeasement encouraged Eastern European states to follow led to final collapse 1991
1960s mao denounced k
Hungary 1956
Berlin Wall
87
K succeeded minorities
Declined 1958 to give Soviet Union military support
Support from states over Hungary so propaganda win
Berlin Wall
