RUSSIA: Collapse of the USSR

Question 2

acceleration

Answer 2

1986 programme of investment under 12th Plan, plagued by inefficiency and opposed by corrupt officials

Question 3

perestroika

Answer 3

“restructuring” - partial market reforms that undermined centrally planned system

Question 4

1986 programme of investment under 12th Plan, plagued by inefficiency and opposed by corrupt officials

Answer 4

acceleration

Question 5

“restructuring” - partial market reforms that undermined centrally planned system

Answer 5

perestroika

Question 6

1987 Law on State Enterprise

Answer 6

law, meant to devolve power from state to factory management, however Gosplan mostly retained control, so practically just meant higher state procurement prices and confusion

Question 7

law, meant to devolve power from state to factory management, however Gosplan mostly retained control, so practically just meant higher state procurement prices and confusion

Answer 7

1987 Law on State Enterprise

Question 8

1988 Law on Co-operatives

Answer 8

Allowed large private companies, initially successful making 1b rubles, then growth is stunted by govt. “price-capping”

Question 9

Allowed large private companies, initially successful making 1b rubles, then growth is stunted by govt. “price-capping”

Answer 9

1988 Law on Co-operatives

Question 10

500 day program

Answer 10

1990 proposed economic transition to full market in under 2 years, however Gorbachev influenced by hardliners does not support so USSR has no plan for transition

Question 11

1990 proposed economic transition to full market in under 2 years, however Gorbachev influenced by hardliners does not support so USSR has no plan for transition

Answer 11

500 day program

Question 12

Sinatra doctrine

Answer 12

doctrine, Gorbachev states he will allow Eastern Bloc to find their own “my way” out of communism, without Soviet military interference, replaces Brezhnev doctrine

Question 13

doctrine, Gorbachev states he will allow Eastern Bloc to find their own “my way” out of communism, without Soviet military interference, replaces Brezhnev doctrine

Answer 13

Sinatra doctrine

Question 14

Minsk agreement

Answer 14

agreement, Ukraine and Belarus join Yeltsin’s Russia in replacing USSR with Commonwealth of Independent States

Question 15

agreement, Ukraine and Belarus join Yeltsin’s Russia in replacing USSR with Commonwealth of Independent States

Answer 15

Minsk agreement

Question 16

What was defence spending as a % of GDP for the US and USSR in 1985?

Answer 16

17% for USSR, 6% for US

Question 17

How much did GDP shrink by 1986-1990?

Answer 17

shrink by 4%

Question 18

How early did the Armenian state exist?

Answer 18

existed in 190BCE

Question 19

How many died in Soviet military intervention in Lithuania?

Answer 19

14 people

Question 20

How many died in the Tbilisi massacre, when Soviet troops shot Georgian nationalist protestors?

Answer 20

17 people

Question 21

When was the Sinatra doctrine introduced?

Answer 21

1989

Question 22

When did the Berlin Wall fall?

Answer 22

9th November 1989

Question 23

When did Lithuania declare independence from the USSR?

Answer 23

March 1990

Question 24

When were 14 killed in Soviet military intervention following Lithuania’s independence?

Answer 24

January 1991

Question 25

What were 3 stages of Gorbachev's economic reform

Answer 25

1) 1986 acceleration 2) 1987-88 perestroika 3) 1990 reform (abandonment)

Question 26

How did Gorbachev attempt to please hardline communists in December 1990?

Answer 26

Replaced Vice President Rzykhov with hardliner Yanaev (who eventually was part of the coup)

Question 27

When did Gorbachev's actions contradict his policy of democratisation?

Answer 27

When he was appointed, not elected, President of the USSR in March 1990

Question 28

Name 3 events unrelated to Gorbachev that weakened his power

Answer 28

1) Afghanistan war, started in 1979 by Brezhnev 2) Fall of global oil prices 3) 1988 Armenian earthquake

Question 29

What % did global oil prices fall by 1985-86?

Answer 29

50% from 1985 to 1986

Question 30

When did Yeltsin resign from the Politburo?

Answer 30

October 1987, after criticising hardliners for not reforming

Question 31

What % of the Moscow district vote did Yeltsin win in the 1989 elections?

Answer 31

89%

Question 32

What was the outcome of the 1990 Soviet elections for Russia?

Answer 32

Yeltsin became chair of top Russian Soviet

Question 33

What did Yeltsin do in June 1990?

Answer 33

June 1990, Declared Russian sovereignty, making Russian laws superior to Soviet laws

Question 34

What did June 1990 opinion polls show?

Answer 34

Yeltsin was more popular than Gorbachev

Question 35

When was Yeltsin elected President of Russia?

Answer 35

1991, he won 53% of the vote despite Gorbachev pleading to deputies to not vote for him

Question 36

What did Yeltsin say to other republic leaders?

Answer 36

"take as much nationalism as you can swallow"

Question 37

When was the coup?

Answer 37

August 1991

Question 38

What was the outcome of the August 1991 coup for the Communist Party?

Answer 38

6 November 1991, Yeltsin banned the Communist Party in Russia

Question 39

What ended Gorbachev's new Union Treaty?

Answer 39

Ukrainian leadership refused to sign, then Yeltsin followed (on behalf of Russia)

Question 40

What was the CIS?

Answer 40

Commonwealth of Independent States, required no Soviet central government

Question 41

When was the USSR dissolved?

Answer 41

25th December 1991