Russia In Revolution Flashcards
(24 cards)
Who were the Okhrana?
Secret police that censored newspapers and books and arrested opposition. They were assisted by the army.
What were the conditions like for the workers?
Poor and low wages
What led the Tsar to set up a Duma?
- Russia lost the war with Japan causing shortages and discontent
- Food shortages, demonstrations and strikes
What was Autocracy?
The tsar made all the decisions and appointed and dismissed ministers.
What happened on Bloody Sunday?
A group of workers marched to the Winter Palace asking for changes and were fired on by the Tsar’s army, killing 130.
What is a soviet?
A council of workers
What were the Duma allowed to decide?
Approve or reject laws (not suggest)
No control over taxes
The tsar dissolved Dumas who suggested changes
1 noble vote = 600 workers votes
What did Prime Minister Stolypin do?
Made some reforms but used repression
What were Nicholas II strengths?
Loyal to family Willing to work Payed attention to detail Supported by the Orthodox Church and nobles Unlimited authority
What were Nicholas’ strengths?
- Trained to believe his welfare was the same as that of the Russian people
- Heavily influenced by Rasputin
- Avoided important decisions
- dismissed able ministers as he felt threatened + nepotism
- encouraged rivalry between ministers
How much land did the nobles own?
25%
Peasants
Illiterate
80% of population
Considered tsar as father figure
Had grain taken from them
The proletariat - industrial development
Funded by the government from grain and borrowed money
Workers paid very little, had long hours and there were many accidents
Overcrowded slums
What was the Lena Goldfields Strike in 1912?
The government used soldiers and secret police to suppress people killing 270 people
What did the Cadets want?
Universal suffrage Direct voting Power to Duma Religious equality Land redistribution Abolition of death penalty
GREATER FREEDOM
What did the Nationalists want?
Former partied for their region
- more autonomy
- less Russification
What did the SR’s want? (Non- Marxist)
Redistribution of land to peasants
Prepared to use violent
What did the Social Democrats ( Mensheviks) want?
Wanted a large party and wanted to wait until Russia was more industrialised.
What did the Social Democrats (Bolsheviks) want?
Small disciplined group
Believed industrialisation was not needed only peasant support
Name two famous Mensheviks
Trotsky and Martov
Name 4 famous Bolsheviks
Lenin
Kamenev
Zinoviev
Stalin
What was the slogan linked to Communism?
From each according to their ability, to each according their need
Why was revolution inevitable by 1914?
Anger at repression Growing support for Bolsheviks and Mensheviks Marxism Propaganda Hunger
Why was revolution not inevitable?
Only 4% of the population were workers
Propaganda
Peasants were loyal to the tsar
