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Naplex > Rx Files Antihistamines > Flashcards

Rx Files Antihistamines Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main role of blocking the H1 receptor?

A

anti-allergy

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2
Q

What is the main role of blocking the H2 receptor?

A

decrease GI acid secretion

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3
Q

Where are the H1 receptors found?

A

throughout the body

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4
Q

Where are the H2 receptors found?

A

throughout the body

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5
Q

On what do the sedation effects of antihistamines depend?

A

lipid solubility

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6
Q

What are some dangers of anti-cholinergic effects?

A
  • angle closure glaucoma
  • urinary tract obstruction
  • dry mouth
  • tachycardia
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7
Q

What is the mechanism of angle closure glaucoma?

A

fluid cannot be drained from the eye and pressure builds

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8
Q

Hydroxyzine HCl brand

A

Atarax

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9
Q

Hydroxyzine Pamoate brand

A

Vistaril

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10
Q

Is hydroxyzine sedating?

A

yes

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11
Q

What are the indications of hydroxyzine?

A
  • anxiety
  • post-op sedation
  • antipruritic
  • antiemetic
  • alcohol withdrawal symptoms
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12
Q

Hydroxyzine adverse effects

A
  • sedation
  • thickening of bronchial secretions
  • dry mouth
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13
Q

What is a usual dose of hydroxyzine?

A
  • pruritis: 25 mg PO TID-QID

- seasonal rhinitis: 25 mg PO Qhs until no sedation in a.m.

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14
Q

Hydroxyzine (is/is not) recommended in the elderly.

A

is not

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15
Q

Which form of hydroxyzine is available IV?

A

HCl

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16
Q

Diphenhydramine brand

A

Benadryl

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17
Q

Is diphenhyramine a sedating antihistamine?

A

yes

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18
Q

Diphenhydramine indications

A
  • allergy symptoms
  • mild nighttime sedation
  • motion sickness
  • antitussive
  • treatment of phenothiazine-induced dystonic reactions
  • antinauseant
  • topical anesthetic
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19
Q

Diphenhydramine adverse effects

A
  • headache
  • sedation
  • dry mouth
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20
Q

Diphenhydramine dosing

A
  • allergies: 25 - 50 mg PO q6-8h

- sedation: 50 mg qhs

21
Q

Diphenhydramine can cause what in children?

A

hyperactivity

22
Q

___ mg dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) = ___ mg diphenhydramine

A

100

50

23
Q

Cetirizine brand

A

Zyrtec

24
Q

Is cetirizine sedating?

A

no

25
Q

Cetirizine indications

A
  • seasonal allergies
  • perennial allergies
  • urticaria
26
Q

Cetirizine adverse effects

A
  • headache
  • sedation
  • dry mouth
27
Q

Cetirizine dosing

A

5-10 mg daily

28
Q

What age children can cetirizine be given?

A

> 6 months

29
Q

Cetirizine is a metabolite of what?

A

hydroxyzine

30
Q

What is the only antihistamine NOT metabolized by the CYP-450 system?

A

cetirizine

31
Q

Loratadine brand

A
  • Claritin

- Alavert

32
Q

Is loratadine a sedating antihistamine?

A

no

33
Q

Loratadine indications

A

nasal and non-nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis

34
Q

Loratadine adverse effects

A
  • headache
  • drowsiness
  • fatigue
35
Q

Loratadine dosing

A
  • 10 mg PO daily
36
Q

Desloratadine brand

A

Clarinex

37
Q

Fexofenadine brand

A

Allegra

38
Q

Is fexofenadine sedating?

A

no

39
Q

Fexofenadine indications

A

relief of symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis

40
Q

Fexofenadine adverse effects

A
  • headache

- vomiting (children)

41
Q

Fexofenadine dosing

A

60-180 mg PO BID

42
Q

Fexofenadine is the active metabolite of

A

terfenadine

43
Q

What are the sedating antihistamines?

A
  • brompheniramine
  • chlorpheniramine
  • diphenhydramine
  • doxylamine
  • promethazine
  • hydroxyzine
44
Q

What are the non-sedating antihistamines?

A
  • fexofenadine
  • loratadine
  • cetirizine
  • levocetirizine
45
Q

Pseudoephedrine brand

A

Sudafed

46
Q

Pseudoephedrine mechanism of action

A

alpha-1 agonist

47
Q

Pseudoephedrine adverse effects

A
  • tachycardia
  • hypertension
  • decreased appetite
  • increased energy
48
Q

Pseudoephedrine dosing

A

30 - 60 mg PO q4-6h

max 240 mg/ 24 hours

Naplex (8 decks)

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