RxMax questions Flashcards
Polymylagias rheumatic is a/w
giant cell arteritis
Scaphoid fracture
Radial artery impinged or thrombosed
Ulnar arter supplies area w/ collateral from deep and superficial palmar arch
Increased prevalence effect on NPV/PPV
PPV increases
NPV decreases
Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules are found in Langerhans cells, which are a type of antigen-presenting cell (APC) found only in the skin. APCs are the only cells that express MHC II, which binds CD4+ T cells, providing the first signal for helper T lymphocyte activation.
Osteomalacia
New matrix is synthesized, but there is an inability to mineralize it. Severely reduced bone densities and pathologic fractures.
Caused by vitamin D deficiency, which results in hypocalcemia. Lack of calcium and phosphate causes osteocytes to produce less mineralized bone surrounding the cells.
Labs: low vitamin D and phosphate, low or normal calcium, elevated alkaline phosphatase.
Osteoporosis
Reduced synthesis of new bone matrix.
Paget disease of the bone
Both osteolytic and osteosclerotic stages, resulting in increased bone mass and a mosaic pattern of lamellar bone. Paradoxically, this heavy bone is more prone to fracture.
isolated alk phos elevation
Allopurinol + azathioprine (6-mercaptopurine)
Xanthine oxidase usually breaks down 6-MP, when combined 6-MP builds up and toxicity can occur such as aplastic anemia.
11:22 translocation
ewing sarcoma
Renal tubular acidosis
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.
Type I renal tubular acidosis
decreased distal hydrogen ion secretion and hypokalemia
Type II renal tubular acidosis
impaired proximal bicarbonate reabsorption and hypokalemia
Type IV renal tubular acidosis
hypoaldosteronism, leading to hyperkalemia.
