S02 Delirium Flashcards
klinický obraz, klasifikace, diferenciální diagnostika a terapie (24 cards)
What is delirium?
Delirium is an acute, fluctuating disturbance in attention and cognition.
Delirium‚ které není vyvolané alkoholem nebo jinými psychoaktivními látkami
Etiologicky nespecifikovaný organický cerebrální syndrom‚ charakterizovaný současnými poruchami vědomí a pozornosti‚ vnímání‚ myšlení‚ paměti‚ psychomotorického chování‚ emocí a spánkového rytmu. Trvání je různě dlouhé a stupeň těžkosti od lehkého po značně těžký.
Patří sem:
akutní nebo subakutní:
. mozkový syndrom
. stav zmatenosti (nealkoholického původu)
. psychóza při infekčním onemocnění
. organická reakce
. psychoorganický syndrom
Nepatří sem:
delirium tremens alkoholického původu nebo neurčené (F10.4)
True or False: Delirium can be caused by infections.
True
Name one common cause of delirium.
Infections, medications, metabolic imbalances, or substance withdrawal.
What are the two main types of delirium?
Hyperactive and hypoactive delirium.
Fill in the blank: Delirium is often reversible if the _____ is treated.
underlying cause
Which population is at higher risk for developing delirium?
Elderly individuals.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a symptom of delirium? A) Confusion B) Hallucinations C) Stable mood D) Disorientation
C) Stable mood
What is the primary method for diagnosing delirium?
Clinical assessment and history taking.
True or False: Delirium usually develops over days to weeks.
False
What is the typical duration of delirium?
Hours to days, but can last longer in some cases.
Fill in the blank: Delirium can often be mistaken for _____ in elderly patients.
dementia
What role do antipsychotic medications play in the management of delirium?
They can be used to manage severe agitation or psychotic symptoms.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a hallmark feature of delirium? A) Gradual onset B) Fluctuating attention C) Stable cognition D) Consistent memory
B) Fluctuating attention
What is the first step in managing a patient with delirium?
Identify and treat the underlying cause.
True or False: Delirium can occur in patients with no prior history of psychiatric disorders.
True
What is the term for the state of increased alertness and activity in delirium?
Hyperactive delirium.
Fill in the blank: Delirium can be exacerbated by _____ deprivation.
sleep
What is one non-pharmacological intervention for delirium?
Providing a calm environment and orientation aids.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a risk factor for delirium? A) Young age B) Use of multiple medications C) Good hydration D) Regular sleep schedule
B) Use of multiple medications
What is the difference between delirium and dementia?
Delirium is acute and fluctuating, while dementia is chronic and progressive.
True or False: Delirium can lead to long-term cognitive decline.
True
What is an important preventive measure against delirium in hospitalized patients?
Early mobilization and hydration.
Fill in the blank: The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) is a tool used to assess for _____ in patients.
delirium
What should be monitored in patients recovering from delirium?
Cognitive function and potential recurrence of delirium.
