s10-finals-Success and failure

Question 1

What is osseointegration according to Brånemark?

Answer 1

Direct contact of living bone with the implant surface at the light microscope level.

Question 2

How does osseointegration differ from fibrointegration?

Answer 2

Osseointegration has bone-to-implant contact; fibrointegration involves fibrous tissue encapsulation.

Question 3

Define osseointegration by Dorland.

Answer 3

Direct anchorage of an implant via bony tissue formation without fibrous tissue at the interface.

Question 4

How does a natural tooth attach to bone vs. an implant?

Answer 4

Natural tooth: periodontal ligament; Implant: direct bone attachment (osseointegration).

Question 5

What are the radiographic criteria for implant success?

Answer 5

No progressive cervical bone loss exceeding 4 mm.

Question 6

According to NIH Harvard, how long must an implant function to be deemed successful?

Answer 6

5 years in 75% of cases.

Question 7

What clinical signs indicate a biologically failed implant?

Answer 7

Peri-implant radiolucency and mobility (fibrous tissue replacement).

Question 8

What is early (primary) biological failure?

Answer 8

Failure to establish osseointegration before loading.

Question 9

What is late (secondary) biological failure?

Answer 9

Breakdown of osseointegration after prosthetic loading.

Question 10

Give examples of mechanical implant failures.

Answer 10

Fractures of implants, screws, or bridge frameworks.

Question 11

What is iatrogenic implant failure?

Answer 11

Nerve damage or incorrect implant alignment due to surgical error.

Question 12

How can patient adaptation lead to implant failure?

Answer 12

Phonetic, aesthetic, or psychological dissatisfaction.

Question 13

What is fibrointegration?

Answer 13

Complete fibrous encapsulation of a failed implant (no bone contact).

Question 14

What is fibro-osseointegration?

Answer 14

Partial bone contact with fibrous encapsulation (failing implant).

Question 15

Why is fibro-osseointegration clinically concerning?

Answer 15

It compromises implant stability and long-term function.

Question 16

Define primary implant stability.

Answer 16

Mechanical stability achieved at placement (bone compression).

Question 17

Define secondary implant stability.

Answer 17

Biological stability from bone remodeling post-healing.

Question 18

What is immediate implant placement?

Answer 18

Implant inserted right after tooth extraction.

Question 19

What is immediate-delayed implant placement?

Answer 19

Implant placed 3–4 weeks post-extraction.

Question 20

What is delayed implant placement?

Answer 20

Implant placed 3–4 months post-extraction.

Question 21

What is immediate loading?

Answer 21

Provisional prosthesis attached right after implant insertion.

Question 22

What is delayed loading?

Answer 22

Loading after 3–5 months of healing.

Question 23

What is progressive loading?

Answer 23

Gradual loading with acrylic temporary restorations.

Question 24

What is one-stage implant surgery?

Answer 24

Implant body and abutment placed simultaneously (abutment penetrates mucosa).

Question 25

What is two-stage implant surgery?

Answer 25

Implant buried in bone initially, then exposed later for abutment.

Question 26

What is the purpose of a surgical stent?

Answer 26

To guide optimal implant placement using radiographic/template evaluation.

Question 27

Name two types of surgical stents.

Answer 27

Fixed type and variable positioning (e.g., vacuiform/acrylic templates).