S1.1

Question 1

Elements and Compounds are pure substances define pure substance

Answer 1

Only one type of substance and have a fixed composition

Question 2

Mixtures are made by combing two or more pure substances together therefore they do not have a

Answer 2

fixed composition

Question 3

Define element

Answer 3

a pure substance that is made of only one type of atom

Question 4

Define molecule

Answer 4

a group of atoms covalently bonded together

Question 5

Define allotropes

Answer 5

Different firmed of an element in the same physical state

Question 6

Define compounds

Answer 6

Compounds are pure substances composed of two or more different elements combined in fixed ratios

Question 7

Compounds cannot be separated using

Answer 7

physical methods

Question 8

Mixtures are not

Answer 8

PURE SUBSTANCES

Question 9

Mixtures contain pure substances that are not chemically bonded so they CAN be separated by

Answer 9

Physical Methods

Question 10

Define Homogenous Mixture

Answer 10

Uniform composition and properties

Question 11

Define Heterogeneous Mixture

Answer 11

Non-uniform composition and varying properties

Question 12

A mixture of oil and water is a type of

Answer 12

heterogeneous mixture

Question 13

Salt and water is an example

Answer 13

Homogeneous

Question 14

Air is an example of

Answer 14

Homogenous

Question 15

Components are not chemically bonded in

Answer 15

heterogeneous and homogenous

Question 16

What are the 6 Physical Methods to obtain a pure substance from Mixtures ?

Answer 16

• Filtration
• Evaporation
• Solvation
• Distillation
• Paper Chromatography
• Recrystallisation

Question 17

Filtration is ..

Answer 17

the separation of an insoluble solid from a liquid or solution

Question 18

An example of Filtration is

Answer 18

Sand and Water (heterogeneous)

Question 19

Evaporation is used

Answer 19

to separate a mixture which has a solute dissolved in a solvent

Question 20

An example of use of evaporation is

Answer 20

Salt and Water
- solution heated in an evaporating dish and the solvent (water) evaporates leaving the solute(salt) behind

Question 21

Solvation (heterogeneous) is

Answer 21

the separation of heterogeneous mixture of two solids based on differences in solubility- one soluble in the solvent the other is insoluble

Question 22

After solvation what often is next

Answer 22

the soluble solid is dissolved in the solution and the insoluble solid can be separated by filtration. The soluble substance can be separated by evaporation

Question 23

Distillation involves

Answer 23

the separation of a liquid mixture based on the difference in boiling points

Question 24

Distillation used examples

Answer 24

ethanol and water
components of crude oil

Question 25

Paper Chromatography is

Answer 25

used to separate a mixture of solutes in a solvent

Question 26

In Paper chromatography the components will move further up

Answer 26

if they have greater affinity for the mobile phase due to having greater interaction with the solvent molecules

Question 27

Recrystallisation is

Answer 27

used to remove impurities that are mixed in with a solid (purify a solute dissolved in a solution)

Question 28

What are the four theory’s of state of matter

Answer 28

• All matter is made up of small particles • Particles all have kinetic energy which causes them to move • All matter occupies volume and space •

Question 29

What are the particles like in a solid

Answer 29

• Least amount of energy • Held in fixed positions (vibrate around a fixed point) • Very strong forces of attraction held between particles (fixed shape and volume)

Question 30

What are the particles like in a liquid

Answer 30

• More spread out but still attracted to each-other • Still forces of attraction but weaker than in a solid • Don’t have a fixed shape tend to take the same shape as the bottom of the container • Particles in a liquid are still close together therefore liquids can’t be compressed

Question 31

What are the particles like in a gas

Answer 31

• Particles are very spread out (can be compressed) and move randomly • Weakest forces of attraction • Do not have a fixed shape or volume

Question 32

During a change of state explain why temperature remains constant

Answer 32

because all added heat is used to overcome intermolecular forces

Question 33

What is the endothermic processes in states of matter

Answer 33

melting evaporation sublimation

Question 34

What is the exothermic processes in states of matter

Answer 34

Condensation freezing deposition

Question 35

An increase in kinetic energy of the particles causes

Answer 35

an increase in temperature

Question 36

Aqueous solutions are an example of

Answer 36

homogeneous mixtures