S18 + S20 OAPA

Question 1

S18 + S20 (HOW SERIOUS IS THE HARM(

Answer 1

It is the absolute maximum harm inflicted upon a person without it proving fatal.

Question 2

S.20 name + Actus Reus

Answer 2

• Unlawfully
• Wounding/or Inflicting GBH
• On another person

Question 3

1st AR for S.20

Answer 3

Unlawfully

Inflicting harm is prima facie unlawful

Question 4

2nd part of AR for S.20

Wounding

Answer 4

Wounding

Eisenhower -> breaking of both layers of the external skin

Wood -> Cannot just be internal

Question 5

Why might the definiton of wounding be suprising? And what can we try to use to help address this

Answer 5

Mere split of a skin (caused by a little pin or needle) can satisfy the definition

This does not sound like very serious harm

CPS charging standards say we should treat the smaller ones under s.47

Question 6

3rd AR for S.20

Answer 6

On another person

Question 7

AR 2 S.20 Inflicting GBH

Answer 7

Inflicting
Burstow — “inflict” includes indirect or psychological harm, no need for physical force

Dica - Confirms Burstow — “inflict” effectively means the same as “cause”, as long as serious harm results.

GBH harm is ‘really serious’ as per the Smith

Question 8

Mens Rea S.20

Answer 8

Malice
This can include Intention or recklessness

** R v Parmenter ** - affirmed the above principle + established foreseeability is not necessary

unlawfully + maliciously wound or inf any GBH upon any other person

Question 9

Mens Rea S.18

Answer 9

Cause grievous bodily harm (GBH) to any person