S2. 7 Political authority, 1914-1919 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What was the political truce called, done in 1914 between the different political parties and trade unions -> to support the war effort
Burgfriede (literal translation: castle peace)
What is the Schlieffen Plan?
a military strategy to use in a two-front war
What is Siegfriede and who encouraged it (and when)?
Siegfriede is the glory that would come once the war is over (literal meaning: the blessed peace of victory). From 1915, Pan-German propaganda began to use this to boost moral.
Who was appointed the army chief of staff and deputy chief of staff, and which year ?
Hindenburg and Ludendorff in 1916
When was the political split of the SPD and who was formed?
April 1917 - Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD)
Which group broke away from the SPD in 1916, and who led this?
The Spartacists, who were supported by the Spartacus League, founded by Liebknecht and Luxemburg
When was the first direct Reichstag intervention in the war? By whom ?
July 1917 and was called the ‘peace resolution’.
It was proposed by Erzberger (left leaning Zentrum).
Who replaced Bethmann-Hollweg and how long did he last?
George Michaelis July -November 1917
When was the Fatherland Party established? By whom, who did it attract ?
September 1917.
Wolfgang Kapp and Admiral Tirpitz
Attracted Right wing liberals, middle classes and the Army High Command
By 19__, the Fatherland Party had grown to _._million members
By 1918, the Fatherland Party had grown to 1.2 million members
The ‘peace resolution’ passed by how many votes
212 to 126 (SPD, Zentrum and USPD in favour; Conservatives against)
Who succeeded Michaelis ?
Hertling (a half-bling elderly Bavarian aristocrat)
What was the ‘Spring Offensive’?
the final attempt to break through the trench lines of the Western Front in March 1918
When did Hertling resign and what did this cause?
30th September 1918. Kaiser declared a parliamentary government
What did Prince Max von Baden do on October 3rd 1918?
He asked US President Wilson for an armistice based on his 14 points
Why was Ludendorff forced to resign?
On 26th October, he tried to order amry generals to resist surrender
When did Prince Max announce the Kaiser’s abdication and who gained political authority?
9th November - Ebert
How many members did the Spartacus league have by the end of 1918?
barely 1000
In the J_______ 1919 National Assembley elections, the SPD, USPD and Zentrum won nearly __% of the vote.
In the January 1919 National Assemble elections, the SPD, USPD and Zentrum won nearly 80% of the vote.
What was Article 48?
an article which allowed the Head of State to rule by decree in a state of emergency
