S3_L2: Hydrotherapy

Question 1

Match the following

*(unit of measure)
Specific heat (J/g/°C) - Thermal conductivity (cal/sec)/°C/cm)

1. 4.19 - 0.0014
2. 1.01 - 0.000057
3. 4.14 - 24.56

A. Water
B. Air
C. Water:air ratio

Answer 1

1. A
2. B
3. C

Question 2

Match the following temperature range to its clinical application

°C/°F
1. 0-18/32-64
2. >43/>110
3. 18-26/64-79
4. 40-43/104-110
5. 26-33.5/79-92
6. 37-40/99-104
7. 33.5-35.5/92-96

A. Very cold to cold
B. cool
C. tepid
D. neutral warmth
E. mild warmth
F. Hot
G. Very hot
H. should not be used

Answer 2

1. A
2. H
3. B
4. G
5. C
6. F
7. D

Question 3

Match the following temperature range to its clinical application

°C/°F
1. 35.5-37/96-99

2. open wounds, medically-compromised patients, dec. tone
3. for exercise, acute
   inflammation if can’t tolerate cold
4. acute inflammation
5. inc. mobility of burns
6. pain control
7. Inc. tissue extensibility, chronic conditions

A. Very cold to cold
B. cool
C. tepid
D. neutral warmth
E. mild warmth
F. Hot
G. Very hot
H. should not be used

Answer 3

1. E
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. E
6. F
7. G

Question 4

modified TRUE OR FALSE:

Archimedes’ principle states that when a body is immersed in fluid at rest, it creates an upward thrust equal to the amount of fluid displaced.

Specific Gravity is the density of material: density of water ratio

Answer 4

TT

Question 5

Match the following substance to its specific gravity

1. 1
2. 1.024
3. 0.917
4. 0.85
5. 0.974
6. 0.00121

A. Pure water
B. Salt water
C. Ice
D. Air
E. Average human body
F. Subcutaneous fat

Answer 5

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. F
5. E
6. D

Question 6

modified TRUE OR FALSE:

Resistance is due to Viscosity which is the thickness or resistance to flow of a liquid due to friction between molecules of the liquid.

Pascal’s Law states that a fluid exerts equal pressure on all surfaces of a body at rest at a given depth that is proportionate to the depth of fluid.

Answer 6

TT

Question 7

The following statements are musculoskeletal effects of hydrotherapy, EXCEPT:

A. Decreased weight-bearing (assistive)

B. Strengthening (resistive)

C. Effects on bone density loss

D. Less fat loss (vs other exercises)

E. None of the above

Answer 7

E

Question 8

TRUE OR FALSE on CLEANSING EFFECTS of hydrotherapy

Has pressure to remove debris.

Dissolves surfactants and antimicrobials in water.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 8

A

Question 9

TRUE OR FALSE on CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS of hydrotherapy:

It increases venous circulation, cardiac volume, cardiac output.

It decreases heart rate, systolic BP, rate of O2 uptake (VO2).

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 9

A

Question 10

The following statements are RESPIRATORY EFFECTS of hydrotherapy, EXCEPT:
A. dec. vital capacity
B. inc. work of breathing
C. dec. exercise-induced asthma
D. inc. lung capacity
E. None of the above

Answer 10

D, inc. lung capacity is not included

Question 11

Match the following thermal effects of hydrotherapy

1. Decreases metabolism
2. Pain relief
3. Controls inflammation
4. Relaxes muscle
5. Increases flexibility & tissue extensibility
6. Improves circulation

A. Cold water
B. Warm water

Answer 11

1. A
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. B
6. B

Question 12

modified TRUE OR FALSE about hydrotherapy:

RENAL EFFECTS include Diuresis & inc. Na+ & K+ excretion.

PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS include Relaxing (warm), & energizing (cool)

Answer 12

TT

Question 13

modified TRUE OR FALSE on Uses of Hydrotherapy

Can do Water Exercises like Underwater exercises (eg walking, cycling, etc) & Assistive or Resistive exercises.

Can provide Wound Care by Rehydration, softening and debridement of wound.

Answer 13

TT

Question 14

The following statements are Uses of Hydrotherapy, EXCEPT:

A. Superficial Heating or Cooling using heat transfer by conduction/convection

B. Pain Control by the reduction of weight bearing (eg. OA, knee injuries, etc)

C. Thermal effects

D. Edema Control by the hydrostatic pressure

E. None of the above

Answer 14

E

Question 15

TRUE OR FALSE on Precautions & Contraindications for Local Immersion (only 1 extremity) Hydrotherapy

CONTRAINDICATIONS include Maceration around a wound & bleeding.

PRECAUTIONS include Impaired sensation & cognition, infection & recent skin grafts.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 15

A

Question 16

TRUE OR FALSE on exercise pool parameters:

Warm: 34-36°C for low-intensity exercises.

Cool: 26-29°C for more intense exercises.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 16

A

Question 17

The following statements are Adverse Effects of Hydrotherapy, EXCEPT:

A. Drowning & Asthma exacerbation

B. Burns, Fainting and Bleeding with use of warm/hot water

C. Hyponatremia with extensive wound burns

D. Infection (should add anti-microbials in water)

E. Aggravation of edema in UE (use of warm/hot)

F. None of the above

Answer 17

F

Question 18

Match the following Precautions & Contraindications for Full-Body Immersion Hydrotherapy

1. Severe epilepsy & Suicidal patients
2. Fear of water & Respiratory compromise
3. Bowel incontinence/Infections that spreads in water
4. Cardiac instability
5. Confusion, disorientation & Alcohol ingestion
6. Limited strength, endurance
   or balance
7. Urinary incontinence
8. Medications for CV disease

A. CONTRAINDICATIONS
B. PRECAUTIONS

Answer 18

1. A
2. B
3. A
4. A
5. B
6. B
7. B
8. B

Question 19

Match the following whirlpool types

Tank type:
1. Mid- thoracic; allows full LE ext
2. Mid- thoracic; doesn’t allow full LE ext
3. Full-body immersion
4. Distal extremity

A. Hubbard
B. Extremity
C. High-boy
D. Low-boy

Answer 19

1. D
2. C
3. A
4. B

Question 20

Match the following whirlpool types

Width: Length: Depth: Gallons

1. 15” : 28-32” : 18-25” : 10-45
2. 6ft : 8ft : 4ft : 425-700
3. 20-24” : 36-48” : 28” : 60-105
4. 24” : 52-66” : 18”: 75-105

A. Hubbard
B. Extremity
C. High-boy
D. Low-boy

Answer 20

1. B
2. A
3. C
4. D

• duration is for 20-30 mins

Question 21

modified TRUE OR FALSE on Contrast Bath:

Uses Warm water: 38-43°C (100-110°F)
while Cold water: 13-18°C (55-65°F)

The Technique is submerging in Hot water for (3-4 minutes) then Cold (1-2 minutes)

Answer 21

TT

Question 22

modified TRUE OR FALSE.

Exercise Pool is used to optimize cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and
psychological effects that allows full-body immersion

Swimming pools should be 100 ft long x 25 ft wide x 8 ft depth & Sloping bottom
with tepid water temperature of 26-36°C

Answer 22

TT

Question 23

The following statements are true about contrast bath, EXCEPT:

A. Repeat the cycle for 20-30 minutes.

Last immersion:
B. Acute to Subacute: cold water

C. Subacute to Chronic: hot water

D. Usually end with warm water

E. None of the above

Answer 23

E

Question 24

TRUE OR FALSE on Non-immersion Irrigation Devices.

Sprays water to open wound with pressure of 4-15 psi

Pulsatile irrigation device, delivers fluid at controlled pressure & removes contaminated fluid by suction like the
PULSED LAVAGE

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 24

A

Question 25

TRUE OR FALSE on Safety: Check electrical safety of machine and wires, do not run the turbine without the water. A room temperature of 25-30°C with relative humidity of 50% is recommended A. Both statements are true B. Both statements are false C. Only the 1st statement is true D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 25

A

Question 26

The following statements are Commonly contaminated parts of a tank, EXCEPT: A. Bottom of the tank/pool B. Overflow pipes & Drainage C. Agitators & Thermometer D.Edges of the tank/pool E. None of the above

Answer 26

E

Question 27

modified TRUE OR FALSE on infection control: It's the appropriate cleaning protocol of the tank to use clean water. Drain and clean tank and turbines after each use.

Answer 27

TT

Question 28

TRUE OR FALSE, the statement is written in the proper documentation format: P: Hydrotherapy using x x x x to

Answer 28

T

Question 29

TRUE OR FALSE Aquatic exercise is the use of multi-depth immersion pools or tanks that facilitate the application of various therapeutic exercises such as stretching, strengthening, joint mobilization, balance and gait training, and endurance training.

Answer 29

T

Question 30

which of the following statements are GOALS AND INDICATIONS OF AQUATIC EXERCISE? A. Facilitate cardiovascular endurance, range of motion (ROM) exercise & weight-bearing activities B. Initiate resistance training & functional replication C. Enhance delivery of manual techniques & patient relaxation D. Provide three-dimensional access to the patient & minimize risk of injury or re-injury E. All of the above

Answer 30

E

Question 31

which of the following statements are PRECAUTIONS OF AQUATIC EXERCISE? A. Fear of water (hydrophobia) B. Neurological disorders & seizures C. Cardiac dysfunction D. Small open wounds and lines E. All of the above

Answer 31

E

Question 32

TRUE OR FALSE. CONTRAINDICATIONS OF AQUATIC EXERCISE include: Incipient cardiac failure and unstable angina, Respiratory dysfunction & vital capacity < 1 liter, Severe peripheral vascular disease & Danger of bleeding or hemorrhage Other CI include: Severe kidney disease (fluid loss), Open wounds, colonoscopy and skin infections, Uncontrolled bowel/bladder, Water and airborne infections or diseases & Uncontrolled seizures A. Both statements are true B. Both statements are false C. Only the 1st statement is true D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 32

A

Question 33

TRUE OR FALSE: BUOYANCY is the upward force that works opposite of the gravity Based on Archimedes’ principles stating that an immersed body experiences upward thrust equal to the volume of liquid displaced A. Both statements are true B. Both statements are false C. Only the 1st statement is true D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 33

A

Question 34

How many % is the weight bearing at these levels? A. C7 B. Xiphoid C ASIS

Answer 34

A. 10% B. 33% C. 50%

Question 35

The following statements are true about HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE, EXCEPT: A. it's the pressure exerted on immersed objects B. Based on Pascal’s Law, pressure exerted by fluid on an immersed object is equal on all surfaces of the object. C. Deeper immersion leads to greater hydrostatic pressure D.None of the above

Answer 35

D

Question 36

modified TRUE OR FALSE: VISCOSITY is the friction occurring between molecules of liquid that leads to resistance to flow It is directly proportionate to resistance from viscosity & velocity of movement (ie. inc. velocity → inc. resistance)

Answer 36

TT

Question 37

modified TRUE OR FALSE: HYDRODYNAMICS is the study of the physical properties of fluids in motion (flow) Components of Flow Motion include: Laminar Flow, Turbulent Flow, & Drag

Answer 37

TT

Question 38

The following statements are true about SURFACE TENSION, EXCEPT: A. The surface of a fluid acts as a membrane under tension. B. Attraction of surface molecules is parallel to the surface. C. Measured as force per unit length. D. Directly proportionate to resistance from surface tension & object size (ie. inc. size → inc. resistance) E. None of the above

Answer 38

E

Question 39

TRUE OR FALSE on THERMODYNAMICS: Specific Heat is the amount of heat (calories) required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of substance by 1°C The rate of temperature change is dependent on the mass and the specific heat of the object A. Both statements are true B. Both statements are false C. Only the 1st statement is true D. Only the 2nd statement is true

Answer 39

A

Question 40

modified TRUE OR FALSE on Temperature transfer: Air conducts temperature 25x faster than water Heat transfer decreases with velocity

Answer 40

FF Water conducts temperature 25x faster than air Heat transfer increases with velocity

Question 41

The following statements are true about CENTER OF BUOYANCY, EXCEPT: A. It's the reference point of an immersed object on which buoyant forces of fluid predictably act B. Vertical position: at the sternum C. Vertical position with posterior buoyant device → lean forward D. Vertical position with anterior buoyant device → lean backward E. None of the above

Answer 41

E

Question 42

Match the following SPECIAL EQUIPMENT FOR AQUATIC EXERCISE 1. Position patient in supine, prone or vertically for shallow and deep water activities 2. Support extremities (UE & LE) 3. Support body in upright position 4. Support neck; maintain head out of water 5. Support body in upright position & used for balance in deep water 6. Buoyancy in supine or prone & for resistance when walking A. Inflatable Cervical Collar B. Flotation Rings C. Belts and Vests D. Buoyant Dumbbells E. Swim Bars F. Kick boards

Answer 42

1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. E 6. F

Question 43

Match the following EXERCISES USING AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT 1. May perform immersed jogging, swimming, cycling or treadmill 2. Some patient tolerate immersed stretching vs land-based because of the effects of relaxation,soft tissue warming, and ease of positioning 3. Can be initiated earlier vs land-based by reducing joint compression, providing 3-D resistance and dampening perceived pain. A. MANUAL STRETCHING B. AEROBIC CONDITIONING C. ROM & STRENGTHENING EXERCISES

Answer 43

1. B 2. A 3. C