S4: Cerebellum & Ataxia

Question 1

The Cerebellum is Divided Anatomically into …..

Answer 1

Question 2

The Cerebellum is Divided Histologically into …..

Answer 2

Question 3

The Cerebellum is Divided Phylogenetically into …..

Answer 3

Question 4

Compare Between Archi-Cerebellum & Paleo-Cerebellum & Neo-Cerebellum

Answer 4

Question 5

Compare Between Archi-Cerebellum & Paleo-Cerebellum & Neo-Cerebellum

• Consists of ….

Answer 5

Question 6

Compare Between Archi-Cerebellum & Paleo-Cerebellum & Neo-Cerebellum

• Phylogenitically

Answer 6

Question 7

Compare Between Archi-Cerebellum & Paleo-Cerebellum & Neo-Cerebellum

• Connected With

Answer 7

Question 8

Compare Between Archi-Cerebellum & Paleo-Cerebellum & Neo-Cerebellum

• Function

Answer 8

Question 9

Compare Between Archi-Cerebellum & Paleo-Cerebellum & Neo-Cerebellum

• Dysfunction

Answer 9

Question 10

What are cerebellar syndromes?

Answer 10

• Archi-Cereberallar Syndrome
• Neo-Cerebellar syndrome

Question 11

CP of Archi-Cerebellar Syndrome

Answer 11

Question 12

CP of Neo-Cerebellar Syndrome

Answer 12

Question 13

CP of Neo-Cerebellar Syndrome

• Disturbance of Integration of voluntary moter characterized by ….

Answer 13

Question 14

CP of Neo-Cerebellar Syndrome

• Disturbance of compound movement:

Answer 14

• Asthenia (Usually subjective).
• Hypermetria and Hypometria.
• Decomposition of movement.
• Adiadochokinesia: Disturbance in patient’s ability to perform rapid alternative movements.

Question 15

CP of Neo-Cerebellar Syndrome

• Disturbance of muscle tone:

Answer 15

Hypotonia

Question 16

Def of Ataxia

Answer 16

• Incoordination of voluntary motor activity with or without disequilibrium in absence of
  motor weakness.

Question 17

Types of Ataxia

Answer 17

1) Cerebellar ataxia.
2) Sensory ataxia.
3) Vestibular ataxia.
4) Combined ataxia.
5) Hysterical ataxia.

Question 18

Causes of Cerebellar Ataxia

Answer 18

• Heredofamilial (i.e. hereditary ataxia)
• Symptomatic

Question 19

Causes of Cerebellar Ataxia

• Heredofamilial

Answer 19

Heredofamilial (i.e. hereditary ataxia)

• Friedreich’s ataxia.
• Marie’s ataxia.

Question 20

Causes of Cerebellar Ataxia

• Symptomatic

Answer 20

Question 21

Def of Heredofamilial Ataxias

Answer 21

Question 22

Site of degeneration in Friedrich’s Ataxia

Answer 22

• Spino-cerebellum.
• Posterior column.
• Pyramidal tract.
• Peripheral nerves.

Question 23

Age in Friedrich’s Ataxia

Answer 23

The 1st decade.

Question 24

Onset in Friedrich’s Ataxia

Answer 24

Gradual.

Question 25

Course in **Friedrich's Ataxia**

Answer 25

Slowly progressive.

Question 26

CP in **Friedrich's Ataxia**

Answer 26

Question 27

**Friedrich's Ataxia** is associated with .....

Answer 27

Question 28

Sites of Degeneration in **Marie's Ataxia**

Answer 28

- Olive, Pontine nuclei. - Neo-cerebellum.

Question 29

Age in **Marie's Ataxia**

Answer 29

The 2nd and 3rd decades.

Question 30

Onset of **Marie's Ataxia**

Answer 30

Gradual

Question 31

Course of **Marie's Ataxia**

Answer 31

Slowly Progressive

Question 32

CP of **Marie's Ataxia**

Answer 32

1. Neo-cerebellar syndrome. 2. Preservation of deep reflexes. 3. Extensor planter response.

Question 33

**Marie's Ataxia** is associated with

Answer 33

1. Ocular nerve palsies. 2. Mental impairment. 3. Extra-pyramidal syndromes.

Question 34

INVx for **Heredofamilial Ataxia**

Answer 34

Question 35

INVx for **Heredofamilial Ataxia** - Non-Structural INVx

Answer 35

- deficiency diseases, metabolic disorders, genetic...etc.

Question 36

INVx for **Heredofamilial Ataxia** - Structural INVx

Answer 36

**Brain CT:** * Cerebellar hematoma, Large mass. **Brain MRI:** * Demyelination, Infarction, Congenital... etc.

Question 37

TTT of **Heredofamilial Ataxia**

Answer 37

1. Physiotherary → For balance training. 2. Specific treatments → In cases of well-known treatable causes. 3. No specific pharmacotherapy → For hereditary ataxias.

Question 38

Def of **Sensory Ataxia**

Answer 38

- It is due to interruption of the sensory pathways transmitting proprioceptive sensations.

Question 39

Causes of **Sensory Ataxia**

Answer 39

Question 40

Causes of **Vestibular-Labyrinthine Ataxia**

Answer 40

1. Menier's syndrome. 2. Labyrinthitis: viral or toxic. 3. Acoustic neuroma.