S61(1) - Toxic Alcohol Flashcards
Toxic alcohols are inebriating but not directly toxic
EXCEPT for isopropanol (aka isopropyl alcohol)
true
ETHYLENE GLYCOL – alcohol dehydrygenase –> GLYCOALDEHYDE –aldehyde dehydrogenase–> GLYCOLATE–>OXYLATE
true
METHANOL – alcohol dehydrygenase –> FORMALDEHYDE –aldehyde dehydrogenase–> FORMATE
true
PROPYLENE GLYCOL – alcohol dehydrygenase –> LACTALDEHYDE –aldehyde dehydrogenase–> LACTATE
true
ISOPRPYL ALCOHOL – alcohol dehydrygenase –> ACETONE
true
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL – alcohol dehydrygenase –> 2-HTYDROXYETHOXY-ACETYLALDEHYDE –aldehyde dehydrogenase–> 2-HTYDROXYETHOXY-ACETATE –> DIGLYCOLATE
true
Osmolarity = 2Na + (BUN/2.8)+ (glucose/18)
true
Na – Cl – HCO3
Gap present if > 12
true
Osmol Gap
Osm = (2 x Na) + (BUN/2.8) + (Glu/18) + (EtOH/4.6)
true
Anion gap PLUS Osmolar gap
Methanol
Ethylene glycol toxicity
Alcoholic ketoacidosis
Osmolar Gap WITHOUT Anion Gap
Isopropyl alcohol toxicity
Wood’s lamp to detect urine fluorescence
Detects fluorescein in antifreeze (ethylene glycol)
Frequent false positives and negatives
Unreliable
Alco-Screen: reagent containing alcohol oxidase
Ethanol and methanol are detected at low serum concentrations
Ethylene glycol detected only at high concentrations
Formate dehydrogenase and formazan dye test strip
Methanol concentration indirectly determined from assessment of formate concentration
Positive results detected by visual inspection but better with photometer
Catachem: veterinarian assay for ethylene glycol
Good correlation with ethylene glycol concentrations measured by gas chromatography; also detects propylene glycol
No activity for ethanol, methanol
