SA - Dental and Periodental Pathologies

Question 1

What is the inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissues and what tissues are included?

Answer 1

Periodontal disease: gingiva, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, cementum

Question 2

What causes periodontal disease?

Answer 2

It is multifactorial; bacterial plaque + host immune system

Question 3

What are the stages of periodontal disease?

Answer 3

Stage I-IV

Question 4

Define Stage I of Periodontal Disease

Answer 4

only gingivitis

Question 5

Define stage II of Periodontal disease

Answer 5

<25% attachment loss, furcation I (periodontal probe can be introduced in the furcation but does not reach halfway)

Question 6

Define Stage III Periodontal Disease

Answer 6

25-50% attachment loss, furcation II (periodontal probe can be introduced in the furcation and goes beyond half the width of the bone, there is still bone)

Question 7

Define Stage IV Periodontal Disease

Answer 7

> 50% attachment loss, furcation III ( there is no bone in the furcation area, the periodontal probe goes through and through)

Question 8

What 2 sequelae of periodontal disease

Answer 8

Gingival recession
Gingival pocket

Question 9

WHat isi the treatemtn for periodontal diseas?

Answer 9

Depends on the severity of the disease… Professional dental cleaning, gingival curettage, root planning, prone guided tissue regeneration, gingival grafts

Question 10

What is tooth resoption?

Answer 10

A condition, commonly affecting cats, that cause destruction of the teeth and may cause replacement by osteoid material.

Question 11

What is the cause of tooth resorption?

Answer 11

Unknown but there is a possible involvement of excessive vitamin D

Question 12

Define Type I tooth resorption

Answer 12

inflammatory resorption with the periodontal ligament still present

Question 13

What is the treatment for type I tooth resorption?

Answer 13

tooth extraction

Question 14

Define Type II tooth resorption

Answer 14

replacement resorption where the periodontal ligament has disappears and the tooth becomes part of the turnover of the bone

Question 15

What is the treatment for type II tooth resorption?

Answer 15

Extraction or crown amputation and root retention

Question 16

Type I or II tooth resorption?

Answer 16

Type II

Question 17

Type I or II tooth resorption?

Answer 17

Type II

Question 18

Type I or II tooth resorption?

Question 19

What part of the tooth is affected in endodontic disease?

Answer 19

The pulp

Question 20

What can cause endodontic disease?

Answer 20

Trauma

Question 21

Is inflammation of the pulp (pulpitis) feversible?

Answer 21

Yes, as long as there is no necrosis

Question 22

What is the treatment for endodontic disease?

Answer 22

vital pulp therapy if the tooth is alive, or root canal therapy if the root is necrotic/non-vital

Question 23

What is seen in this radiograph?

Answer 23

Periapical lucency

Question 24

What can be seen in this radiograph?

Answer 24

enlargement of the pulp cavity on one incisor compared to the rest of the teeth

Question 25

Where is the most common area for abscesses and draining tracts?

Answer 25

the mucogingival junction

Question 26

What is the difference between a complicated and uncomplicated tooth fracture?

Answer 26

Complicated: the pulp is affected/exposed Uncomplicated: the pulp is not affected/exposed

Question 27

How do you name tooth fractures?

Answer 27

Based on location (crown, root, both) and based on pulp exposure

Question 28

What can pulp exposure from a tooth fracture cause?

Answer 28

endodontic disease

Question 29

What is the treatment for a tooth fracture? (2)

Answer 29

-extraction -endodontic treatment (root canal, vital pulp therapy) if tooth is a good candidate

Question 30

What makes a tooth a good candidate for endodontic treatment for a fracture?

Answer 30

enough, structure, function, good periodontal tissues

Question 31

What is tooth luxation?

Answer 31

Displacement of the tooth from the alveolus

Question 32

What is tooth avulsion?

Answer 32

Displacement of the tooth out from the alveolus

Question 33

What is the most common type of tooth luxation?

Answer 33

Lateral luxation

Question 34

What is this an image

Answer 34

Displacement of the tooth within the alveolus (tooth luxation)

Question 35

What is this image showing?

Answer 35

Tooth avulsion

Question 36

What is the treatment for tooth avulsion?

Answer 36

extraction and closure of the wound or replantation, stabilization and root canal treatment

Question 37

What is abrasion

Answer 37

wear of the tooth due to contact with an object

Question 38

What ares some common objects that cause abrasion?

Answer 38

toys, metal bars, tennis balls

Question 39

What is the sequelae of abrasion?

Answer 39

Repetitive trauma wears down the enamel and exposes the dentin and the dentinal tubules cause irritation of the pulp

Question 40

What is attrition?

Answer 40

Wear of the tooth due to tooth-to-tooth contact

Question 41

What is an unerupted tooth

Answer 41

A tooth that fails to erupt

Question 42

What are the two types of unerupted teeth and define them

Answer 42

Impacted tooth: physical barrier avoids eruption Embedded tooth: failure in mechanism of eruption

Question 43

What is the treatment of unerupted teeth?

Answer 43

extraction of affected tooth and complete debridement of the epithelial lining

Question 44

What percentage of dentigerous cysts are associated with unerupted teeth?

Answer 44

30-50%

Question 45

What is a dentigerous cyst

Answer 45

fluid filled cavity limited by epithelium than can cause bone resorption and atrophy due to expansion

Question 46

True/False: Dentigerous cysts can affect adjacent teeth and cause jaw fractures

Answer 46

True

Question 47

What are radicular cysts

Answer 47

cysts of odontogenic origin that are caused by proliferation of epithelial cells around the periapical area

Question 48

What is malocclusion and what are the 4 classes?

Answer 48

Class 1: dental malocclusion: abnormal position of teeth in the dental arch but normal relationship between the maxilla and mandible Class 2: Skeletal malocclusion: mandibular distocclusion (maxilla longer than mandible) Class 3: Skeletal malocclusion: mandibular mesiocclusion (mandible longer than maxilla) Class 4: Skeletal malocclusion: asymmetric malocclusion

Question 49

What is gingival hyperplasia?

Answer 49

Enlargement of the gingiva due to proliferation of the connective tissue of the gingiva

Question 50

What causes gingival hyperplasia?

Answer 50

Familiar (brachycephalic dogs) Inflammation (periodontal disease) Drugs (phenytoin, cyclosporin, calcium channel blockers)

Question 51

What is the treatment of gingival hyperplasia?

Answer 51

gingivectomy and gingivoplasty

Question 52

What is Feline Chronic Stomatitis

Answer 52

inflammation of the oral mucosa ( beyond the mucogingival junction) due to dysregulation of the immune system

Question 53

What is the treatment for feline chronic stomatitis

Answer 53

professional dental cleaning extractions glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, pain medication, stem cells (study)

Question 54

What is canine ulcerative stomatitis

Answer 54

inflammation of the oral mucosa in dogs that is t-cell mediated and extremely painful

Question 55

What is the treatment for canine ulcerative stomatitis

Answer 55

Proffessional dental cleaning, extractions at home oral care antiinlammatory drugs cyclosporine, metronidazole

Question 56

Should the deciduous tooth be present when the permanent tooth erupts?

Answer 56

No