SAC 2 Unit 4 Part b - Health and wellbeing in a global context

Question 1

define sustainability

Answer 1

Meeting the needs of the present with out compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Question 2

What are the dimensions of sustainability

Answer 2

social sustainability
economic sustainability
environmental sustainability

Question 3

social sustainability

Answer 3

creating an equitable society that meets the needs of all citizens and can be maintained indefinitely.

Question 4

economic sustainability

Answer 4

ensuring that average incomes in all countries are adequate to sustain a decent standard of living and continue to rise in line with inflation and living costs in the future.

Question 5

environmental sustainability

Answer 5

ensuring the natural environment is used in a way that will preserve resources into the future.

Question 6

social factors

Answer 6

Social support
Employment
Birth rates
Education levels
Health care systems
Access to technology
Legal and political systems
Living standards
Social justice

Question 7

economic factors

Answer 7

Level of debt
Income
Trade opportunities
Poverty
Welfare support
Industry

Question 8

environmental factors

Answer 8

Infrastructure
Access to clean water
Access to improved sanitation
Access to food
Agriculture productivity
Energy use
Resource use
Emissions

Question 9

how does social sustainability promote the dimensions of health

Answer 9

Physical - page 330 
Emotional - 
Mental - 
Social - 
Spiritual -

Question 10

how does economic sustainability promote the dimensions of health

Answer 10

Physical - 
Emotional - 
Mental - 
Social - 
Spiritual -

Question 11

how does environmental sustainability promote the dimensions of health

Answer 11

Physical - reducing harmful emissions and pollution decreases the risk of respiratory disease and therefore promotes physical health

Emotional -
Mental -
Social -
Spiritual -

Question 12

advantages of the human development index

Answer 12

• Average incomes reflects the ability to access the resources for a decent standard of living.
• Global patterns and progress can be observed from the HDI data over time.
• The HDI provides a way measuring human development and enabling comparisons.

Question 13

disadvantages of the human development index

Answer 13

• Not all countries receive a HDI ranking and data may not be available or is estimated or difficult to confirm
• Although the GNI is not solely based on economic indicators, it is still based on averages and therefore does not measure unequal distribution of within a country.
• Data sourced from the low income countries may be unreliable and difficult to confirm as countries use different methods to measure key components.

Question 14

What is the HDI

Answer 14

Human development index

A measurement system that attempts to reflect the level of human development being experienced in different countries and regions. Measuring the total level of human development is impossible especially on a global scale. Rather than using economic data alone this index includes health and development outcomes.

The HDI is a combined measure of three dimensions of human development using four indicators of human development.
These indicators create an index that estimates the level of human development in different countries.

Question 15

How are countries classified based on the HDI

Answer 15

the HDI gives a single statistic from 0 - 1.0 on the 3 dimensions which are 
-a long and healthy life 
-knowledge 
-a decent standard of living 
and each of the dimensions are measured by the 4 indicators which are 
-life expectancy at birth 
-mean years of schooling
-expected years of schooling 
-gross national income per capita

Question 16

Human development definition

Answer 16

creating an environment that assists people to develop to their full potential, lead productive and creative lives in accord to their needs and interests . its about expanding peoples choices, enhancing capabilities through having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living. participating in the life of the community and in decisions affecting their lives

Question 17

what are the 4 HDI indicators

Answer 17

• life expectancy at birth
• mean years of schooling
• expected years of schooling
• gross national income per capita

Question 18

what are the 3 dimensions of the HDI

Answer 18

• a long and healthy life
• knowledge
• a decent standard of living

Question 19

implications for health and wellbeing

Answer 19

• climate change (rising sea levels, changing weather patterns extreme weather events)
• conflict and mass migration
• increased world trade and tourism
• digital technologies that enable increased knowledge sharing

Question 20

global trends

Answer 20

patterns of social, environmental and economic activity that will have an effect at some time in the future and will require action to be taken at a global level.

Question 21

Globalisation

Answer 21

The process by which boundaries between countries are reduced or eliminated allowing individuals, groups or companies to act on a global scale. It can be described as transforming the different societies of the world into one global society. A reduction in barriers of trade, communication and transport contributes to this process.

Question 22

climate change

Answer 22

Climate changes such as rising temperatures, changing weather patterns and extreme weather events are the result of global warming. Over the last 50 years, the burning of fossil fuels to provide energy has resulted in a 20% increase in the production of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses (transport and industry) trapping heat radiated from the sun. In the last 50 years each decade has become increasingly warmer with the temperature of the planet has warmed by 0.8 degrees.

Between 2030-2050 climate change is expected to cause approximately 250,000 additional deaths each year from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhoea and heat stress.

Question 23

climate change - rising sea levels impacts

Answer 23

• Relocation of communities
• Land for crop and livestock production is lost ( agriculture and food supplies)
• Reduced availability of fresh water.
• Change in biodiversity. Increased water salinity and erosion endangers both plant and animal ecosystems into the future impacting food supply and medicines.
• Increased infectious diseases due to stagnant bodies of water such as malaria and diarrhoea

Question 24

climate change - changing weather patterns

Answer 24

-Dry regions will become drier. Australia is experience severe drought!
-Wet regions will become wetter
Implications of changing rainfall patterns
-Lack of safe water in floods due to sanitation issues resulting in an increased risk of communicable disease and water borne diseases such as diarrhoea, typhoid and giardia. Flooding also leads to drownings and physical injuries.
-Scarcity of water leads to a lack of food production in droughts and famine. This leads to increased rates of malnutrition in low and middle income countries. In Australia farmer are receiving financial aid from the Government.

Question 25

climate change - more extreme weather events

Answer 25

- the increase of floods cause injury and death - floods contaminate fresh water supplies, increase risk of water borne diseases and create the ideal breeding conditions for disease carrying insects such as mosquitoes, increasing the risk of malaria .

Question 26

health and wellbeing - climate change

Answer 26

Physical - food shortages, reduced access to safe and clean water and shelter; resulting in impacts to efficient bodily functioning. Reduced access to healthcare du to extreme weather malnutrition, illness and disease Emotional - feelings of grief and loss due to the death of a loved one, stress due to changes in the land, leaving home or not being able to provide for the family. Experiencing negative emotions as a result of climate change, such as a natural disaster demolishing a community; having to leave home because of rising sera levels; experiencing increased illness due to changing weather patterns Mental - unable to function mentally as a result of impacts from a natural disaster, not know what to do next and being unable to make logical decisions. Unable to meet the demands of everyday life. Social - reduces opportunities to participate in community activities if a community needs to relocate or is impacted by extreme weather events, leading to changes in opportunities for employment, as well as reduced social networks and groups. Children who are unable to attend school lose opportunities to interact with their peers. Spiritual - impacts on farmers who are no longer able produce productively on their land. They may question their spiritual and religious beliefs. Feelings of despair due to changes in the environment may change perceptions of purpose, particularly if people have to leave their homes

Question 27

health and wellbeing - increased world trade and tourism

Answer 27

``` Physical - page Emotional - Mental - Social - Spiritual - ```

Question 28

health and wellbeing - digital technologies that enable increased knowledge sharing

Answer 28

``` Physical - Emotional - Mental - Social - Spiritual - ```

Question 29

implications for health and wellbeing of conflict

Answer 29

Physical - increased injury and death due to fighting, increased female assault (physical and sexual), increased exploitation of sexual assault, impacting sexual and reproductive health. Food insecurity leading to possible malnutrition. Reduced access to clean water, increasing the risk of communicable disease. Emotional - strong feelings of fear, sadness, grief due to loss of loved ones.Inability to regulate ones emotions due to these feelings. Lack of security impacting resilience and the ability to be emotionally positive during conflict, creating increased stress Mental - inability to make sense of the conflict. A constant state of fear, stress and anxiety may lead to an inability to reason and think logically. Wellness of the mind is negatively impacted Social - homelessness resulting in the loss of community interaction and social settings. A lack of empathy for others due to personal experiences of conflict. Deliberate social exclusion to avoid dangerous areas. Inability to make a contribution to the community. Spiritual - loss of a personal sense of hope, peace and connection

Question 30

conflict

Answer 30

Conflict within a country has the potential to displace thousands of people from their homes and leads to death, destruction of resources and highly stressful situations. people have less opportunity, choice and freedom in these countries and have the highest rate of poverty

Question 31

mass migration

Answer 31

The world is facing its worst refugee/mass migration crisis since WW2, millions of people are fleeing their homes due to poverty, political unrest and natural disasters. this is especially prevalent in low-income countries.

Question 32

implications for health and wellbeing of mass migration

Answer 32

P - increased risk of injury and disease due to close contact with lot's of people M - high levels of stress about the fear of the unknown as they may not know where to go but staying at home is too dangerous S - refugees are often met with suspicion which can prevent them from integrating into society E - high levels of fear and anxiety as it is very dangerous to flee and a country but even more dangerous to stay S - difficulties with being a refugee may result in loss of sense of purpose and leaving their home may result in a loss of sense of belonging

Question 33

Digital technologies

Answer 33

technological innovations have had a huge impact on the world as they are allowing more people to communicate and receive information all over the world.

Question 34

Digital technologies advantages

Answer 34

- Allowing anyone to communicate all over the world - Translating languages and opening up the global market - People have more access to health information

Question 35

Digital technologies disadvantages

Answer 35

- increase in the rate of depression and anxiety - Increase in sedentary behaviour - Hackers duping people into scams - High income countries have a better ability to monitor and control what people see on the internet

Question 36

implications for health and wellbeing of Digital technologies

Answer 36

P - by having more access to health information they can see what to do about health concerns M - social media can impact on one's self esteem leading to anxiety and depression S - Allows people to communicate with each other all over the world and removes language barriers E - are able to express their emotions to a wide platform of people S - discover their sense of purpose online

Question 37

tourism advantages

Answer 37

- Increases opportunities for travel - Increases income - Growing interdependence

Question 38

tourism disadvantages

Answer 38

- impacts on biodiversity and the environment | - Increased risk of communicable diseases

Question 39

advantages of world trade

Answer 39

Increases economic sustainability of low-middle income countries Allows people all over the world to access any goods or services available

Question 40

disadvantages of world trade

Answer 40

Low-middle income countries are more at risk for not receiving a fair deal High-income countries benefit the most from world trade

Question 41

implications for health and wellbeing of World trade and tourism

Answer 41

P - Increases the risk of communicable diseases M - May place strain on resources due to increased demand S - Increases global communication E - May increase economic sustainability and bring feelings of relief and happiness S - Travelling may allow a person to discover their sense of purpose

Question 42

Human development acronym

Answer 42

``` PPPCCKHD develop to their full potential lead Productive and creative lives Participate in their community expand their Choices enhance their Capabilities have access to Knowledge have access to Health enjoy a Decent standard of living ```