SAC 5 Flashcards
(34 cards)
Bilateral Aid:
Provision of aid from the government of one country to the government of another country. The donating country works with the government of the country receiving aid to ensure that the implemented programs meet the needs of the country and its people.
Non-government organisation:
Examples include World Vision (poverty) Australia, Australian Red Cross (humanitarian), CARE Australia (women and children), Oxfam Australia (poverty) and Tabitha Australia (women and children).
Is the type of non-profit organisation that works to promote health status and human development while operating separately from the national government. Usually focused on meeting basic health needs, community development and participation and emergency or humanitarian assistance.
Multilateral Aid:
Aid given by the governments of many countries that is collected and distributed by an international organisation such as the United Nations, World Bank, and WHO. Australia supports effective multilateral agencies engaged in poverty reduction and sustainable development to complement and reinforce its bilateral aid.
The United Nations areas of action (priorities)
WORKING FOR PEACE AND SECURITY:
When there is a threat to international peace, the UN works to find ways the conflict can be resolved peacefully. They also work to prevent conflict from occurring by addressing the underlying causes of conflict.
The United Nations areas of action:
HUMAN RIGHTS:
The UN developed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which sets out basic rights and freedoms to which all human beings are entitled. The UN work to ensure that all human beings are treated equally, fairly and without discrimination.
The United Nations area of conflict (priorities):
PROVIDE HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE:
The UN plays a key role in providing emergency aid to developing countries in times of crisis such as natural disasters or conflict.
The United Nations areas of action (priorities):
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT:
The UN works to promote high standards of living, full employment and education which contribute to both social and economic development.
Who priortity: Universal health coverage.
Universal health coverage relates to all people being able to obtain the health services they need regardless of the ability to pay.
WHO works to assist countries in providing universal health coverage by:
Increasing access to medical technology.
Increasing access to essential medicines (such as vaccinations) &
Providing funding to strengthen health systems.
Who priority: International health regulations.
The IHR is a legal tool agreed to by many countries across the globe that require counties to report certain disease outbreaks and public health threats to WHO. WHO Aims/Does:
Prevent and responds to public health risks that have the potential to cross borders and threaten people worldwide.
Plays a leadership role in co ordinating a response to the issue including sending health workers.
Who priority: Increasing access to medical products.
Essential medicines have the ability to make health care more effective and assist people in living long, healthy and productive lives.
WHO works to improve access to safe and affordable medicines by:
Providing grants for the development of techniques and products that may assist in controlling diseases.
By developing the ‘criteria for selection of essential medicines.’
By developing the ‘model list’, a guide for the development of a national essential medicine lists.
Who priority: Social, economic and environmental determinants.
Action is required in relation to a range of social, economic and environmental determinants that contribute to ill-health as well as health inequality.
WHO works with other sectors to reduce the social, economic and environmental causes of disease.
They support countries to:
Improve governance for health and development.
Participation in policy-making and implemention.
Monitor progress and increasing accountability.
Who priority: Non-communicable diseases.
Increasing rates of non-communicable diseases have devastating health consequences. Dealing with these conditions is vital to ensure sustainable health care.
WHO has:
Improving access to affordable pharmaceuticals.
Developing new products and technologies appropriate for use in the poorest counties and simplify the treatment of disease.
Developing the ‘Global action plan for the prevention and control’.
Who priority: Health-related millennium development goals.
The world must sustain the gains that have been made towards the 2015 millennium development goals beyond 2015 to assist in addressing key contributors to poverty and social inequality globally.
The WHO has worked to address the health-related MDGS by:
Working to promote universal health care.
Providing access to essential medicines.
Developing strategies that target global health concerns such as HIV/AIDS and malaria such as the:
Global fund to fight aids.
Roll back malaria partnership.
Partnership for maternal, newborn and child health.
Humanitarian Aid:
Is provided to meet the immediate needs of those affected by some sort of crisis, including natural disasters, or as a result of conflict. It is designed to be short term and is usually need to keep people alive.
May take form of the provision of food, medicines or shelter or it could involve personnel such as health workers or doctors.
Sustainability:
Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Human development:
Creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive, creatives lives in accord with their needs and interests. It is about expanding people’s choices and enhancing capabilities, having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living, and participating in the life of their community and decisions affecting their lives.
Health:
Physical.
Social.
Mental.
Affordability of a program:
Programs need to be financially sustainable. They need to:
- Be affordable to implement.
- Be affordable in the long term.
- Focus on education.
Appropriateness of a program:
Programs need to meet the needs of the people they are being developed for. The programs need to:
- Empower people (with knowledge and skills).
- Respect cultural values.
- Be accessible.
Equity of a program:
Address barriers that may prevent vulnerable groups accessing the required resources.
- Funding the most urgent needs of vulnerable groups.
- Creating policies that act to improve and protect the environment that most vulnerable groups live.
- Providing education for vulnerable groups.
- Developing programs in urban slums and rural and remote areas.
- Ensuring health care is provided based on clinical need.
DFAT:
Department of foreign affairs and trade.
DFAT priorities: Economic development, including encouraging trade and private sector investment.
Economic development relates to increasing opportunities for employment and increasing average incomes.
Australia has increased the ability of developing countries to trade include:
- Providing practical assistance and advice to developing countries in regard to trade.
- Working to promote trade agreements.
- Training local people in areas related to global trade.
- Providing Microfinance loans.
- Providing funding and education.
Programs addressing key health issues: Literacy.
We bloom program.
Implemented by CARE Australia.
Non-government organisation aid is involved.
Care Australia has implemented the program by providing young women in South west Cambodia with literacy, numeracy and life skill classes. Also, teaches to set goals and overcome conflict to improve confidence. And enables them to be apart of community decision making.
The program was implemented because many illiterate people in the world are women as females are often denied access to education. Education can enhance knowledge about healthy behaviours to prevent diseases.
Girls are less likely to attend school than boys in developing countries as they may have caregiving responsibilities or are responsible for tasks such as carrying water.
Programs addressing key health issues: Food security.
School feeding program. Implemented by world food program.
The type of aid involved is multilateral aid through United Nations, with donations from AusAID and world vision.
School feeding programs involve the world food programme setting up canteens which provide children with hot food and nutritious snacks, which also means the children will come to school (improved literacy) to get a free meal. Also, children who attend school regularly get an additional kilogram of rice and soybeans as well as cooking oil so that they can continue to reap the benefits of good nutrition at home. It was implemented because
-Not having sufficient food leads to plummeted energy levels in children and adults, which can stop them from going to work or school.
- Lack of food causes malnutrition and this leads to reduced immunity to disease which brings with it shorter life expectancy.
