sac 5 brain structure Flashcards
3 main areas
- hindbrain
- midbrain
- forebrain
hindbrain contains
- cerebellum
- medulla
- pons
cerebellum
coordinates fine muscles movements and regulates posture balance. responsible for learning and memory in relation to movement
medulla
continuation of the spinal cord that connects to the brain. controls vital bodily functions such as swallowing, breathing, heart rate and blood pressure
pons
involved in sleep, dreaming and waking up. also helps control breathing and coordinating muscle movements. also connects parts of the brain by by relaying messages between the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum, and between the medulla and midbrain
midbrain
receives lots of information from the eyes and ears, and processes this to help produce orienting movements. it responds to your surroundings.
midbrain contains
reticular formation
reticular formation
- runs through the centre of the midbrain and hindbrain up to the forebrain
- helps filter information so as not over load the bran
- helps maintain consciousness and regulate arousal and muscles
reticular activating system (RAS)
- extends in many directions to different parts of the brain and spinal cord
regulates arousal - influences whether we are awake, dreaming or asleep
- influences what 2we pay attention to by sending a stream of impulses that keep the cerebral cortex active
- does not initiate movement but can modify it once it has begun
forebrain functions & what it contains
regulates complex cognitive processes, emotion and personality.
- hypothalamus
- thalamus
- cerebrum
hypothalamus
maintains the bodies internal environment. regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. influences behaviours associated with basic biological needs such as hunger, thirst, sleep
thalamus
filters information from almost all the sensory receptor sites (except the nose) and passes it to relevant areas of the brain for further processing.
- info passes through thalamus to the lower brain structures and out the PNS
- plays a role in attention
cerebrum
where neurons form connections. receives and processes incoming and outgoing info divided into two hemispheres connected by the corpus collosum
cortical lobes are + list
areas of the cerebral cortex associated with different functions
- frontal lobe
- parietal lobe
- occipital lobe
- temporal lobe
frontal lobe includes
the somaticsensory ortex
the primary motor cortex
prefrontal cortex
brocas area
the premotor cortex
plans appropriate movement and sends
information to the primary motor cortex
the primary motor cortex
initiates and controls voluntary movements
prefrontal cortex
involved with sophisticated mental abilities such
as:
reasoning
planning
problem solving
decision making
symbolic thinking
regulation of emotions and expression of emotional reaction
initiating appropriate and inhibiting inappropriate behaviour
broca’s area
Involved with the production of
articulate speech
parietal lobe
Receives and processes somatosensory
information
Somatosensory
relating to or denoting a
sensation (such as pressure, pain, or warmth)
which can occur anywhere in the body, in
contrast to one localised at a sense organ
(such as sight, balance, or taste)
Primary somatosensory cortex
receives and processes sensory
information from the skin and body parts
occipital lobe
Is almost exclusively devoted to the sense of
vision.
has the primary visual cortex which is located at the back of the occipital lobe and is a major destination for visual information
temporal lobe
- Involved with auditory perception
- Plays an important role in memory
- Plays a role in visual perception such as our ability to identify objects and recognise faces
- triggers Emotional responses to sensory
information and memories.
