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OUTDOOR ED 1 2 > SAC - impacts of technology > Flashcards

SAC - impacts of technology Flashcards

1
Q

conservation

A

Is the preservation, protection, management or restoration of the natural environment.

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2
Q

conservation examples

A
  • Revegetation and Rehabilitation
  • Establishment of parks and reserves
  • Scientific investigation
  • Controlled burning
  • Community education
  • Implementation of management strategies (such as
    creation of walking tracks, designated camping areas)
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3
Q

positive impacts - conservation

A
  • Preservation of sensitive vegetation.
  • Protection of areas of significant value (creation of State and National
    Parks).
  • Reduce erosion - due to creation of walkways, paths
  • Rehabilitation of areas - due to track closures
  • Reintroduction of species into areas they originally inhabited.
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4
Q

negative impacts - conservation

A
  • Vegetation modification - due to controlled fire burning.
  • Land clearing due to conservation infrastructure - tracks, walkways,
    toilets, buildings.
  • Permanent structures - viewing platforms, information buildings,
    barriers/fences.
  • Disruption of habitats.
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5
Q

commercial activities

A
  • has a largely negative impact on
    outdoor environments.
  • tend to focus on practices such as
    tourism and primary industry
  • result in profit or gain - utilising
    the environment.
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6
Q

positive commercial activities

A

tourism practices, such as - surfing, rafting, horse riding, and rock climbing. and through the use of education (of environments) by tourism providers.

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7
Q

negative commercial impacts

A

mining, game hunting, development, natural resource extraction.

These are known as “Primary Industry” interactions.

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8
Q

recreational activities

A

Recreation fills a human desire and need.

Recreational activities can be either:
Nature based
Adventure based

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9
Q

positive impacts of recreational activities

A

the benefits gained from experiential education.

  • Inspiration & Creativity
  • Aesthetic value - the emotional responses we get from our
    interactions with the outdoors. How we feel from our connections with environments.
  • Education - occur through school or group trips. Also include
    the teachings of OES. Learn about the
    environment and ways that we can protect and conserve it.
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10
Q

recreational activities examples

A
  • Hiking
  • Bush walking
  • Rock climbing
  • Snow shoeing
  • Surfing
  • Snorkelling
  • Camping
  • Four wheel driving
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11
Q

urbanisation

A

Urbanisation refers to the development of towns and
cities, and the increasing number of individuals that live
in urban areas.

An additional component to urbanisation - is the
movement of people from rural to metro areas.

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12
Q

urban sprawl

A

the expansion of human populations away from central urban areas such as cities into low-density rural areas.

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13
Q

urban planning

A

Urban planning ensures municipal development is delivered in
a way which is sustainable and liveable communities

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14
Q

20 minute neighbourhoods

A
  • Gives residents access to shops, schools, parks and jobs within 20 minutes of their home.
  • Pedestrian friendly and housing close to public transport.
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15
Q

positive impacts of urbanisation

A

Preservation of habitats due to parks and reserves.

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16
Q

negative impacts of urbanisation

A
  • habitat damage due to building of roads, etc
  • decline in biodiversity
  • introduced weeds and feral animals
  • soil degradation : compaction and erosion
  • pollution of environment: air, water, land,
  • soil contamination : detergents, fertilisers,
    insecticides, pesticides.
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17
Q

ecological footprint

A

the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources.

18
Q

integrated farming

A

An approach to farming combining tradition methods with modern technology to achieve higher levels of productivity without increasing the environmental impact.

19
Q

technology

A

Technology refers to a multitude of advancements:
- machinery
- transportation
- infrastructure
- communication devices
- specialised equipment
- materials and clothing

20
Q

what is a direct impact?

A

Direct impacts are those caused by the action and occur at the same time and place, usually observable.

21
Q

what is an indirect impact?

A

Indirect or deferred impacts are those that are caused by the action, but not immediately. They happen before an event, or later in time but are still reasonably foreseeable.

22
Q

direct impacts of snow making

A
  • Depletion of water sources in order to make fake snow. This negatively impacts the flora and fauna which depend on the water source.
  • Land clearing required for trucks to enter alpine areas.
  • The snow season is extended placing extra strain on the environment with little time to regenerate.
  • Man made snow is waterproof unlike normal snow which
    results in increased erosion.
  • Bird communities are being impacted as their habitat is being altered.
23
Q

indirect impacts of snow making 1

A
  • Large amounts of energy are required to produce artificial snow and fossil fuels are burnt, which results in pollution of air, water and ecosystems.
  • Snow machines are large and costly, manufacturing these can alter ecosystems and landscapes.
  • Putting in place snow making machinery can alter landscapes, and modify/change surrounding ecosystems.
24
Q

indirect impacts of snow making 2

A
  • Snow making generally occurs when water levels are low, meaning
    water has to be transported to mountains. This transportation uses a lot of energy burning fuel which pollutes the environment.
  • Increased energy consumption on the mountain from diesel generators as the snow season is extended (means increase power
    consumption, pollution and other associated impacts).
25
Q

direct impacts of fuel stoves

A
  • Contributes to atmospheric pollution
  • Reduces the need to burn timber
  • Fossil fuels are being used to run the stove
  • Doesn’t cause fire scars - soil is not damaged
  • There is no need for timber in the bush to be burnt (consume
    wood resources)
  • Doesn’t reduce biomass in an area that is needed to support
    habitats (wood fires do this)
26
Q

indirect impacts of fuel stoves

A

-Requires fuel that needs to be sourced and refined

  • Manufacturing requires a lot of energy
  • Manufacturing requires material from the earths surface to be sourced, in order for the production phase to occur (metals, plastics, paint).
  • Transportation is another negative to this impact of this product (stove). Products need to be transported (by vehicle) to stores all around the world, and this produces harmful emissions (carbon dioxide). Often products will even be sent from stores via other forms of transport from the store to reach the customer.
27
Q

direct impacts of wetsuits

A
  • Microfibres from the wetsuits - are a key source of microplasticsin our ocean
  • Internal liners of wetsuits shed fibres while wearing in the ocean - leading to the increased amount of microplastic
  • Patagonia’s neoprene free wetsuits - are an more environmentally friendly alternative - made from natural
    materials.
28
Q

indirect impacts of wetsuits 1

A
  • Product is made from a neoprene foam - an unpleasant rubber made
    from petroleum
  • The process of producing neoprene requires a lot of energy
  • Oil based neoprene - is sourced from a vast of oil drilling and
    transportation (non-renewable)
  • Limestone based neoprene - involves mining to great depths
    (non-renewable)
29
Q

indirect impact of wetsuits 2

A
  • Old wetsuits create a cycle and build up of non-biodegradable waste
  • Producing neoprene contributes to climate change and that the toxic
    gasses emitted in the chemical processing plants cause cancer
  • Patagonia creates renewable natural rubber wetsuits from hevea trees
30
Q

direct impacts of tents 1

A
  • Camping on sensitive and fragile ground means that these areas
    will not recover quickly, such as: native grasses, soft plants, muddy sites, and/or fragile soil layers
  • Soil erosion can easily occur - so choose durable surfaces to set
    up tents. Eg. rock, sand, dry grass, or tent platforms.
  • Using already made tent sites supports the surrounding
    environment - and follows the “Leave no Trace” principle. Stay
    within the boundaries too.
31
Q

direct impact of tents 2

A
  • Spreading tents out across sites - widens the impact, and makes
    it easier for the environment to recover after use (instead of
    setting up heaps of tents within the same area).
  • Site alterations have a negative impact on the environment -
    such as digging trenches
32
Q

indirect impacts of tents

A
  • Manufacturing requires a lot of energy - a 3.5kg tent could emit as
    much as 25kg of carbon dioxide, and contains approximately 8,750
    straws worth of plastic.
  • Manufacturing requires material from the earths surface to be sourced,
    in order for the production phase to occur (metals, plastics, paint).
  • When tents are damaged, instead of being fixed - most end up in
    landfill. A large amount of waste after festivals is made up of basic
    tents.
33
Q

indirect impact of tents 2

A
  • Cheap tents are often made out of polyester or nylon with a coating of
    silicone or acrylic polyurethane, with poles made of carbon fibre and
    pegs made of aluminium. Synthetic fibres such as nylon and polyester
    are polymers derived from fossil fuels and generally do not
    biodegrade.
  • Synthetic material tents shed microplastics - which can end up in soil, waterways, and impact fauna.
34
Q

equipment manufacture

A

all equipment manufacture impacts
- Air Quality
- Greenhouse Gas Emissions
- Ozone Depletion
- Water Quality
- Use of Natural Resources
- Noise Pollution.
- Manufacturing processes also require the use of non-renewable
resources such as metal, petroleum, and fossil fuels. The extraction of
these resources also has a high energy demand.
- The recycling of any equipment (materials) is important, as it decreases
the one-way flow of these resources, and reduces the overall amount of
landfill material - and subsequent soil, air and water pollution.

35
Q

direct impacts of transport

A
  • habitat destruction / fragmentation
  • increased stormwater runoff that pollutes waterways
  • disruption to fauna
  • increased noise pollution
36
Q

indirect impacts of transport

A
  • increased motor vehicle exhaust emissions - which can lead to further/future
    environmental pollution
  • more land development and urbanisation, as more people are attracted to the
    area due to improved access.
37
Q

impacts of urbanisation - waterways

A
  • disruption of ecosystems
  • increased turbidity
  • rising salt levels
  • loss of stream side vegetation
  • erosion of creeks and watercourses
  • increased storm water runoff
  • water pollution from litter, garden refuse, soap, petrol, oil, cigarette butts, animal faeces
38
Q

impacts of urbanisation - land

A
  • decrease in biodiversity levels
  • lack of dead wood and forest litter
  • introduction of weeds
  • loss of topsoil
  • increased water absorption into soil
  • loss of old hollow trees (growth forests)
  • habitat loss through timber harvesting, mining excavation, and clearing of vegetation
39
Q

what is urbanisation?

A
  • clearing land
  • building houses, factories, infrastructure
40
Q

what are the major threats of urbanisation ?

A
  • land degradation
  • emissions
  • extinction of species
  • habitat loss
  • population increase
41
Q

impacts of our changing lifestyles 1

A
  • 21st Century people spend more time in urbanised areas and less
    time in natural environments (spaces).
  • 21st Century people also spend more time engaged with
    technology.
  • Can experience footage of the outdoors and experiences without
    leaving your home
42
Q

impacts of our changing lifestyles 2

A
  • There are less natural spaces - how can we connect (or reconnect
    with environments)
  • Tourism operators - often exploit Outdoor Environments - and
    overuse certain areas.

OUTDOOR ED 1 2 (2 decks)

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