Safety Flashcards

Question

3 priority Nursing Assessment of Near-drowning Victims (ABC)

Answer 1

1) Hypoxia - irreversible damage after 4 to 6 minutes of submersion - some drowning victims die without aspirating fluid (Acute asphyxia may occur from prolonged reflex laryngospasm) 2 Aspiration of fluid - pulmonary edema, atelectasis, airway spasm, and pneumonitis, which contribute to hypoxia 3) Hypothermia occurs rapidly in infants and children because of their large body surface area relative to body mass

Answer 2

•Resuscitative ASAP when child is pulled from water, transported to a hospital immediately - Management depends on amount of cerebral damage ●Promotion of OXYGENATION and monitoring for INFECTION are primary nursing concerns - Complications may occur 24 hours after the incident. ●The child may need rehabilitation and long-term follow-up

Answer 3

●The first and most important is to treat the child first, not the poison - Assess Airway, Breathing, Circulation, and initiate CPR if needed ●Ingestion of medications or chemicals may result in a wide variety of clinical manifestations - Perform a through examination and monitor vital signs, noting alterations that may occur (BP,RR, Temp, Pupil) - Pay attention to mental status, skin moisture and color, and bowel sounds. Maintain ongoing assessment for LATE effects

Answer 4

1) Rapid evacuation of the poison 2) Administration of a specific antidote or chemical neutralizer; and 3) Concurrent institution of supportive and symptomatic therapy.

Answer 5

- Gastric Lavage- NG or OG is inserted and the gastric contents removed by suction. Saline or water is then used to wash the stomach. NOT to be used for corrosive substances. - Activated Charcoal- Binds with the substance and prevents absorption. Bowel irrigation is often used with polyethylene glycol. It is not effective for iron overdose. - Antidotes-a few specific antidotes are available for medications or other toxins - Dialysis- Occasionally required to lower the level of toxin in the bloodstream. - Naloxone- Administered if opiates or other narcotics are ingested to reverse respiratory depression or altered level of consciousness.

Answer 6

●Store all substances in original containers only ●Ensure all medications have child-proof caps and are kept in a locked cabinet ●Never coax a child to take medicine by calling it “candy” ●Do not expose children to hazardous vapors such as paints, cleaners, tobacco smoke, and especially street drugs such as crack and marijuana ●Remove house plants from the home or keep them out of reach ●Post Poison Control Center number and call before initiating any intervention

Answer 7

●Infants and Children’s formulations are now both 160 mg/5 mL ●Toxicity in children is: single dose ≥ 200 mg/kg

Answer 8

•Monitor labs (serum acetaminophen level, liver enzymes, INR, bilirubin, creatinine, urea, glucose, and electrolytes) ●Monitor vital signs ●I & O ●Observe for signs of liver involvement (RUQ pain, abnormal liver function tests) ●Support and teach parents poison prevention

Answer 9

● lead does not decompose, still present in soil and dust. ●caused by putting hands or objects covered with lead in mouth, breathing in lead, or eating paint chips or soil that contains lead. • main concern is the developing brain and nervous system • rarely have symptoms - Even children who seem healthy can have high levels of lead in their bodies. ●Children younger than 6 years are especially vulnerable

Answer 10

Determined by a venous blood specimen from venipuncture. The skin must be cleaned well before drawing the specimen to avoid contamination by lead on the skin.

Answer 11

recommends screening high risk children at ages 9 to 12 months, with a repeat screening at 24 months. It is required that all children receiving Medicaid are screened.

Answer 12

•Ensure a balanced diet low in fat, and with adequate iron, calcium, and zinc. ●Wash fruit and vegetables before eating. ●Remove shoes at the door. ●Minimize dust. Wet-wash hard surfaces. ●Wash children’s toys frequently. ●Brush pets outside ●Encourage children to wash their hands and around their mouth before eating

Answer 13

•Seizure associated with a febrile illness in the absence of CNS infection. ●May be inherited. ●Criteria for diagnosis - Child cannot have a history of afebrile seizures/epilepsy - Temperature of at least 100.4 F - Between the age of 6 and 60 months

Answer 14

• Most stop on own, and require no treatment. ●Antipyretic therapy during febrile illness prevents seizures ●Parent teaching: - Turn the child on his or her side - Never put anything in the child’s mouth - Tepid sponge baths are not recommended ( cool from inside not outside body)

Answer 15

➢Length of time of submersion ➢How long was it until CPR was initiated ➢Site of submersion (freshwater or saltwater, natural or man made, contaminated water?) ➢The water temperature (cold water→ hypothermia, however less risk of pneumonia)

Answer 16

 No apparent or identifiable injury  Pain worsens with continued participation in the activity  Can cause permanent damage to muscle, tendons, bones Caused by:  Starting sports too early  Participating in sports activities year round  Participating in multiple sports activities  Encouragement to play through an injury  Performing certain sports activities that should not be performed in school- age/adolescent years (throwing curve balls in baseball)

Answer 17

encourage to 1 to 2 days off per week 2 to 3 months away per year from a particular sport monitor time spent in weekly training session or repetitions done per week

Answer 18

```  Paint  Soil  Drinking water  Folk medicines and cosmetics  Children's jewelry and toys  Imported candies or foods  Lead ammunition  Batteries, some colors of ink  Pool cue chalk and sidewalk chalk ```

Safety Flashcards

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