SAFOLO — 2c — Biological Molecules Flashcards
(21 cards)
Chemical elements in Carbohydrate?
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen
Chemical elements in Protein?
Carbon, Oxygen, Sulfur, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
COSHN
Chickens Only Sniff Hot Nuggets
Lipids (fats and oils)?
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen
What is protein made up of?
Amino acids
What are carbohydrates (starch & glycogen) made up of?
Simple sugars (glucose)
What are lipids made up of?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What are Nucleic acids?
Nucleotide
Test for the presence of glucose?
- Add Benedict’s solution (heat test tube with solution and observe colour change)
- If present - brick red
- If not present - blue
Test for the presence of starch?
- Iodine
- If present - blue-black
- If not present - brown
Test for the presence of protein?
- Biuret solution
- If present - violet
- If not present - blue
Test for the presence of fat
- Ethanol and water
- If present - milky white emulsion
- If not present - colourless
Enzymes?
Protein molecule that acts as a biological catalyst by speeding up the rate of specific reaction without being used up or affected
Reaction with an enzyme?
in metabolic reactions (digestion) they allow substrates to bind onto their active site, breaking them down into products
Reactions with Amylase/maltase?
Starch —> Glucose
Reactions with Protease?
Protein —> Amino Acids
Lipase?
Lipids —> Fatty Acids & Glycerol
Temperature of enzymes increasing towards optimum?
Rate of enzyme activity increases. Because enzymes and substrates will gain kinetic energy, vibrating and moving faster.
Temperature of enzymes exceeding optimum?
Enzymes will denature. High temp, causes bonds to vibrate more, increasing chance of bonds within enzyme breaking. When bonds in enzymes break, shape and structure of active sit will change. Therefore, metabolic reactions don’t take place
Test: effect of temperature on enzyme activity variables?
Dependent: speed of reaction
Independent: Temperature of Iodine
Control: Volume of Amylase solution, volume of iodine added, temperature of Amylase solution
pH of enzymes increasing towards optimum?
Rate of enzyme activity increases. Shape and structure of active site and charge of substrate molecule will both be optimal and allow the substrate to bind to the active site.
pH of enzymes exceeding optimum?
Enzymes will denature. Increase/decrease from optimum pH causes the shape and structure of active site to change, changing the charge of substrates, and substrates can’t bind to active site. Metabolic reactions don’t take place.
