SAGS

Question 1

a structural isomers

Answer 1

compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

Question 2

an homologous series

Answer 2

a series of similar compounds which have the same functional group and have the same general formula, in which each member differs from the previous one by a single CH2 unit

Question 3

a functional group

Answer 3

an atom or a group of atoms that form the centre of chemical activity in the molecule

Question 4

an unsaturated compound

Answer 4

a compound in which there is at least one double and/or triple bond between carbon atoms

Question 5

a saturated compound

Answer 5

a compound in which all of the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds

Question 6

a hydrocarbon

Answer 6

a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 7

an electrolyte

Answer 7

a substance that can conduct electricity due to the presence of free ions when molten or dissolved in solution

Question 8

cathode

Answer 8

the electrode where reduction takes place

Question 9

anode

Answer 9

the electrode where oxidation takes place

Question 10

an reducing agent

Answer 10

a substance that donates electrons

Question 11

an oxidising agent

Answer 11

a substance that accepts electrons

Question 12

reduction

Answer 12

the gain of electrons

Question 13

oxidation

Answer 13

the loss of electrons

Question 14

redox reaction

Answer 14

a reaction involving the transfer of electrons

Question 15

standard solution

Answer 15

a solution of known concentration

Question 16

neutralisation

Answer 16

a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react so that neither is in excess

Question 17

hydrolysis

Answer 17

a reaction of an ion (from a salt) with water

Question 18

salt

Answer 18

a substance in which the hydrogen of an acid has been replaced by a cation

Question 19

an amphoteric (or amphiprotic) substance

Answer 19

a substance that can act as either an acid or a base

Question 20

a weak base

Answer 20

a base that only ionises partially in an aqueous solution

Question 21

a strong base

Answer 21

a base that dissociates almost completely in an aqueous solution

Question 22

dissociation

Answer 22

the splitting of an ionic compound into its ions

Question 23

a weak acid

Answer 23

an acid that only ionises partially in an aqueous solution

Question 24

ionisation

Answer 24

The reaction of a molecular substance with water to produce ions.

Question 25

a strong acid

Answer 25

an acid that ionises almost completely in an aqueous solution

Question 26

a base

Answer 26

a proton acceptor

Question 27

a acid

Answer 27

a proton donor

Question 28

Le Châtelier's principle

Answer 28

When an external stress (change in pressure, temperature or concentration) is applied to a system in dynamic chemical equilibrium, the equilibrium point will change in such a way as to counteract the stress.

Question 29

An open system

Answer 29

One in which both energy and matter can be exchanged between the system and its surroundings.

Question 30

A closed system

Answer 30

One in which mass is conserved inside the system but energy can enter or leave the system freely.

Question 31

catalyst

Answer 31

A substance that increases the rate of the reaction but remains unchanged at the end of the reaction.

Question 32

reaction rate

Answer 32

The change in amount or concentration per unit time of either a reactant or product.

Question 33

activated complex

Answer 33

A high energy, unstable transition state between the reactants and the products.

Question 34

activation energy

Answer 34

The minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction OR the energy required to form the activated complex.

Question 35

endothermic reactions

Answer 35

Reactions which transform thermal energy into chemical potential energy.

Question 36

exothermic reactions

Answer 36

Reactions which transform chemical potential energy into thermal energy.

Question 37

heat of reaction (H)

Answer 37

The net change of chemical potential energy of the system.

Question 38

electronegativity

Answer 38

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons

Question 39

molar concentration

Answer 39

The amount of solute per unit volume of solution

Question 40

molar mass

Answer 40

The mass in grams of one mole of that substance.