acids and bases Flashcards

1
Q

Arrhenius theory:

A

An acid is a substance that ionises in water to produce hydrogen ions.
A base is a substance that dissociates in water to produce hydroxide ions.

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2
Q

Brønsted-Lowry theory:

A

An acid is a proton (H+) donor.
A base is a proton (H+) acceptor.

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3
Q

Strong acids:

A

An acid that ionises completely in an aqueous solution.

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4
Q

Strong base:

A

A base that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution.

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5
Q

Weak acids:

A

An acid that only ionises partially in an aqueous solution.

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6
Q

Weak base:

A

A base that only dissociates/ionises partially in an aqueous solution.

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7
Q

A concentrated acid:

A

A large amount of solute dissolved in a small amount of water.

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8
Q

A dilute acid:

A

A small amount of solute dissolved in a large amount of water.

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9
Q

Salt:

A

A substance in which the hydrogen of an acid has been replaced by a cation.

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10
Q

Neutralisation:

A

The point where an acid and base have reacted so neither is in excess. Also called the equivalence point.

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11
Q

Indicators:

A

A substance that changes colour depending on the pH of a solution.

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12
Q

Solution:

A

A homogenous mixture of solute and solvent.

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13
Q

A standard solution:

A

A standard solution has a known concentration and it will remain constant for a while.

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14
Q

Amphoteric / Amphiprotic substance:

A

A substance that can act as either an acid or a base.

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15
Q

pH:

A

A number that indicates the degree of the acidity of a solution.

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16
Q

Ionisation:

A

The reaction of a molecular substance with water to produce ions.

17
Q

Dissociation:

A

The splitting of an ionic compound into its ions.

18
Q

The measure of ionisation of an acid:

A

Is a measure of the strength of an acid.

19
Q

The measure of dissociation of a base:

A

Is a measure of the strength of a base.

20
Q

Hydrolysis of a salt:

A

A reaction of an ion (from a salt) with water.