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Oral Histo-Final > Saliva 1 > Flashcards

Saliva 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Salivary Gland Scintigraphy:

A

IV injection of sodium pertechnetate (commonly) which binds to Na-K-Cl membrane transport system of acinar and other gland cells. It emits gamma radiation to be visible radiographically.

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2
Q

T or F: Genetic abnormalities of major salivary glands are common

A

False, they are rare.

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3
Q

Salivary gland agenesis may occur in isolation or accompanied by other disorders of ______ or ____

A

Ectoderm or 1st brachial arch

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4
Q

What glycoprotein lubricates the mucosal surface and provides a protective barrier?

A

Mucins

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5
Q

What do mucins trap and provide for their clearance?

A

They trap bacteria and sugar

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6
Q

What serves a function in buffering acids in the mouth?

A

Bicarbonate

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7
Q

What do proline-rich proteins and statherin do in the mouth?

A

Allow saliva to be super-saturated with calcium, helping with enamel maturation and remineralization

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8
Q

What do lysozyme, peroxidase, defensins, histatins and IgA help with?

A

Direct antimicrobial fxns of saliva. (antibacterial, fungal, and viral)

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9
Q

Evidence of saliva helping with tissue repair by secreting what?

A

Growth Factors (epidermal g.f. and nerve g.f)

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10
Q

What begins the process of dissolving starch?

A

Amylase

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11
Q

What breaks down fats into free fatty acids and glycerol?

A

Lipase

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12
Q

Something about saliva and taste…

A

PRPs bind tannins, astringent molecules for wine and tea…blah blah blah

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13
Q

Salivary Glands are what type of gland classification?

A

Exocrine

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14
Q

What are normal daytime salivary flow rates?

A

.3-.4 ml/min

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15
Q

What is volume of saliva in mouth (normal daytime)

A

.8-1.1 ml, most is a thing 100um film coating errything

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16
Q

What % by volume does parotid gland contribute?

A

60%

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17
Q

Submandibular % by volume?

A

25%

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18
Q

Sublingual/minor glands % by volume each?

A

7-8%

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19
Q

What type of gland is parotid?

A

Pure Serous

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20
Q

What enzyme’s main source is parotid?

A

Amylase

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21
Q

What gland is mixed but mostly serous?

A

Submandibular

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22
Q

What gland is mixed but mostly mucous?

A

Sublingual

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23
Q

What gland type is Von Ebner’s? What enzyme does it secrete?

A

Pure serous/Lingual lipase

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24
Q

Other minor glands are which type? What are they the major source of?

A

Pure mucous/Mucins

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25
Q

Weight of parotid? What muscle sits deep/cranial to parotid?

A

14-28 g. Masseter is just deep and cranial to parotid

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26
Q

What is the duct of the parotid and what tooth is nearest to the duct’s entrance to oral cavity?

A

Duct-Stenson’s

Tooth nearest-2nd Max Molar

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27
Q

What is weight of submandibular and what muscle is most closely associated with it?

A

10-15 grams. Submandibular gland (anterior portion) wraps around caudal end of MYLOHYOID

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28
Q

What duct empties the submandibular gland?

A

Wharton’s Duct

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29
Q

Meow what anatomical structure does wharton’s duct empty into the oral cavity through?

A

Lingual Frenum

30
Q

What are the name of the ducts of the sublingual gland?

A

Bartholin’s and Rivinus’s ducts

31
Q

What series of ducts are directly behind Wharton’s duct? What gland do these ducts belong to?

A

The series of ducts belong to the sublingual gland. Called Bartholin’s and Rivinus’s ducts which empty into sublingual fold.

32
Q

T/F: The sublingual gland weighs less than 1 gram

A

False- ballpark @ 2 grams

33
Q

What component provides structural support, forms the capsule and organizes the salivary gland into lobes?

A

Stroma

34
Q

Essentially, what does the parenchyma of a salivary gland do?

A

Fxnal component-Makes saliva and discharges it to final destination

35
Q

What type of tissue is the stroma composed of?

A

Connective tissue

36
Q

What type of tissue is the parenchyma composed of?

A

Epithelium

37
Q

T/F: The capsule and septa are part of the parenchyma

A

False: They are part of stroma

38
Q

What does the stroma contain?

A

Fibroblasts (collagen), Blood vessels (supply parenchyma), Nerve fibers (supply parenchyma), Plasma cells (secrete antibodies), Fat cells.

39
Q

What is the most common type of cell in the stroma?

A

Fibroblast-makes collagen which is the major component of ecm.

40
Q

What are the two main components of the parenchyma?

A

Acini (secretory portion) and Ducts

41
Q

Name the 3 types of ducts in order from largest to smallest.

A
  1. Excretory (collecting) 2. Striated (secretory) 3. Intercalated
42
Q

What gland starts to develop late in the 6th week?

A

Submandibular

43
Q

What gland starts to develop at the beginning of the 6th week?

A

Parotid

44
Q

Name IU week development time of sublingual and minor glands.

A

Weeks:8-12 IU (between 2-3 months)

45
Q

What is the embryological origin of stroma of salivary glands?

A

Neural Crest

46
Q

T/F: Parenchyma origin of parotid gland is endoderm

A

False: It’s origin is ectoderm

47
Q

What is origin of minor salivary gland parenchyma?

A

Endoderm

48
Q

I don’t know what’s going on with origin of parenchyma of submandibular glands….

A

Either ectoderm or endoderm

49
Q

What initiates salivary gland development?

A

Thickening of ectoderm or endoderm, followed by epithelial “bud” formation

50
Q

What two compartments are involved in signal exchange interaction for development of salivary glands?

A

Epithelial and Mesenchymal signal exchange

51
Q

What is the 3rd stage of salivary gland development?

A

Branching morphogenesis: Like lung development, the gland has a single bud that branches multiple times. Then, part of the branched structure hollows out to become the ductal portion.

52
Q

What is the hollowoing out of the branch portion, forming the ductal portion termed?

A

“Cavitation”

53
Q

What is e-cadherin involved in?

A

Cell adhesion

54
Q

In relation to cleft formation, what suppresses expression of e-cadherin?

A

Cleftin aka BTBD7

55
Q

Other than suppression of e-cadherin, what is the other action of Cleftin (BTBD7)?

A

Upregulates the expression of snail2

56
Q

What molecule induces expression of Cleftin (BTBD7)?

A

fibronectin

57
Q

T/F Snail2 is a Growth Factor

A

False-Snail 2 is a transcription factor

58
Q

What is primary secretion of acini composed of?

A

Water, proteins, ions (specifically Sodium and Chloride)

59
Q

T/F: Acini secretion is Isotonic

A

True, duct secretion is hypotonic though

60
Q

T/F: duct cells are water permeable

A

False-they are not. Acini cells are water permeable

61
Q

Where are bicarbonate ions secreted: Acini or Duct cells?

A

Duct cells.

62
Q

What ganglion do pre-ganglionic axons of sympathetic nervous system synapse on?

A

Superior Cervical Ganglion

63
Q

Which CN axons synapse on post-ganglionic neurons near glands of interest in the parasympathetic nervous sytem?

A

Axons of CN VII & IX.

64
Q

T/F: ACh is the neurotransmitter for the sympathetic control of salivary secretion

A

False: ACh is used in parasympathetic system. Norepinephrine is used for sympathetic system

65
Q

After NE binds to a beta-adrenergic receptor (Gprotein coupled receptor), which enzyme is coupled to “said” beta-adrenergic receptor? (All involved in sympathetic control of secretion)

A

Adenyl Cyclase (AC)

66
Q

In sympathetic control of secretion, after adenyl cyclase is activated, what are the finishing steps toward a protein rich, thick saliva?

A

After AC, cAMP is upregulated, activating protein kinase A (PKA). PKA phosphorylates secretory granules possessing synthesized proteins—-they are released.

67
Q

T/F: Parasympathetic control of saliva secretion produces Watery, Voluminous and protein-rich saliva.

A

False: Parasympathetics facilitate secretion of watery, copious saliva.

68
Q

What type of receptor does Ach bind to when the parasympathetic nervous system is activated?

A

Muscarinic type receptor

69
Q

What does phospholipase C free from membrane phospholipids in parasympathetic control of salivary secretion?

A

It liberates IP3, which then liberates calcium from the ER

70
Q

What leaves the cell as calcium is released from the endoplasmic reticulum in parasympathetic control of secretion?

A

Chloride is driven out.

71
Q

What does chloride in the lumen of parasympathetic control of salivary secretion cause?

A

It causes an electrical and osmotic gradient—drawing sodium and water, creating watery, copious saliva.

72
Q

How is chloride maintained at such a high intracellular concentration in salivary gland cells?

A

Thru the use of an energy- requiring ion pump

Oral Histo-Final (3 decks)

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