Saliva and caries development

Question 1

saliva helps maintenance of environment rich in what 2 things

Answer 1

Ca2+ and PO4(3-)

Question 2

how much saliva usually (and how much in the mouth)

Answer 2

0.5-1.0 L
0.8-1.2mL

Question 3

saliva film thickness

Answer 3

70-100 um

Question 4

movement speed of saliva

Answer 4

1-8mm/min

Question 5

extrinsic (major) account for how much secreted saliva on stimulation/ amount of saliva formed

what is it for intrinsic (minor)

Answer 5

90% for extrinsic (major)
10% for intrinsic (minor)

Question 6

what are the extrinsic (major) glands

Answer 6

parotid gland
submandibular gland
sublingual gland

Question 7

what are the extrinsic (major) glands

Answer 7

parotid gland
submandibular gland
sublingual gland

Question 8

what are the intrinsic (minor) glands and do they have ducts

Answer 8

buccal glands
labial glands
palatine glands

no ducts

Question 9

parotid gland serous or mucous and what duct

Answer 9

(serous)
stensen’s duct (up to tooth 2/15)

Question 10

submandibular gland serous or mucous and what duct

Answer 10

(mixed)
wharton’s duct

Question 11

sublingual gland mucous or serous and what duct

Answer 11

(mucous)
ducts of rivinus

Question 12

what makes up serous cells

Answer 12

zymogen granules (precursors of amylase)

mostly protein and water
small amounts of carbs

Question 13

what makes up mucous cells

Answer 13

mucin (glycoprotein) when mixed w water forms mucous
high in carbohydrates

Question 14

saliva secretion is regulated by what system

Answer 14

autonomous nervous system

Question 15

parasympathetic stimulation for saliva

Answer 15

water and electrolyte rich saliva

Question 16

sympathetic stimulation

Answer 16

viscous and proline rich saliva

Question 17

parotoid gland

submandibular and sublingual gland

Answer 17

CN IX, glossopharyngeal nerve

CN IIV, facial nerve

Question 18

is isotonic saliva primary or secondary
is hypotonic saliva primary or secondary

Answer 18

isotonic - primary
hypotonic - secondary

Question 19

secondary secretion what is present and what goes back in the cell

Answer 19

Cl- and Na+ go back in the cell
high levels of H2O, K+, HCO3-

Question 20

pellicle positively charged or negatively and what element

Answer 20

+ charged ionic outer layer (Ca2+)

Question 21

pellicle attracts what type of proteins

Answer 21

salivary proteins (-) charged

Question 22

pellicle made of what proteins that prevent demineralization

Answer 22

MUC5B, Proline rich proteins, Statherin

Question 23

pellicle how thick

Answer 23

1 um

Question 24

pellicle reservoir for what

Answer 24

Ca2+ and PO4(3-)

Question 25

what does statherin do and promote from what gland

Answer 25

inhibits secondary precipitation and promotes adhesion of actinomyces viscous and streptococcus gordonii to tooth surfaces calcium binding protein from parotid and submandibular gland

Question 26

saliva how much solid vs water and how much bacteria

Answer 26

1% solid 99% water 10^8 / ml

Question 27

what electrolytes are in saliva

Answer 27

Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-

Question 28

what minerals are in saliva

Answer 28

Ca2+, PO4(3-), CO(2-), F-

Question 29

what proteins are in saliva

Answer 29

Histatin & statherin, PRP, immunoglobulins (Igs), mucin glycoprotein

Question 30

what does lysozyme do (muramidase protein and cationic protein function) what glands are they from

Answer 30

breaks down bacterial cell wall of gram + bacteria (muramidase activity) cationic protein - activate bacterial autolysins from both glands

Question 31

lactoferrin type of protein function and category and what type of cells and glands does it secrete from

Answer 31

iron-binding glycoprotein secreted from serous cells of major and minor salivary glands sequesters (remove) iron that is required for bacterial growth antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal

Question 32

peroxidase antimicrobial component and the 2 types

Answer 32

hypothiocyanite salivary gland derived peroxidase leucocyte derived myeloperoxidase antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal

Question 33

cystatins contain what and do what

Answer 33

cysteine-containing phosphoproteins inhibits bacterial PROTEASES cystatins S binds to hydroxyapatite - PREVENTS PRECIPITATION of Ca2+ and PO4(3-) antibacterial and antiviral

Question 34

histatin from what glands

Answer 34

antibacterial peptide from parotid and submandibular gland

Question 35

histatin 5 and histatin 1&2 do what

Answer 35

5 - kills CANDIDA ALBICANS, regulates immune repsonse 1&2 - increases wound healing

Question 36

what do agglutinins do

Answer 36

glycoproteins that CLUMP UNATTACHED BACTERIA (increases clearance of bacteria)

Question 37

in saliva is there more IgA or IgG

Answer 37

more IgA in saliva

Question 38

what does IgA do

Answer 38

prevents bacterial adherence to mucous membranes

Question 39

high levels of S. mutans means increased levels of IgA or IgG

Answer 39

increased levels of IgA

Question 40

alpha-amaylase (digestion) is what type of cell and what glands and breaks down long-chain carbs into what

Answer 40

serous cells in parotid and submandibular glands breaks down carbs into maltose, maltotriose, and dextrins

Question 41

stephan's curve shows what

Answer 41

buffering activity of saliva throughout day and pH

Question 42

bicarbonate buffer system excreted at higher or lower flow rates/stimulated saliva what pH range

Answer 42

higher flow rates pH 5-7

Question 43

phosphate buffer system [ ] increases or decreases w increasing flow what pH range

Answer 43

decreases w increasing flow pH 6-8

Question 44

protein buffer system what pH and what is the main buffering protein below and above isoelectric point does what to protons

Answer 44

Sialin

Question 45

what prevents precipitation

Answer 45

statherin and PRP

Question 46

critical pH of hydroxyapatite, fluoroapatite, dentin/cementum

Answer 46

hydroxyapatite - 5.5 fluoroapatite - 4.5 cementum/dentin - 6.2

Question 47

is there high or low [ ] of fluoride excreted in saliva

Answer 47

low [ ]

Question 48

how much % of calcium is bound to proteins

Answer 48

20% 80% ionized or nonionized

Question 49

what 3 things helps w remineralization activity of saliva

Answer 49

calcium, phosphate, fluoride

Question 50

what is normal flow rate for resting and stimulated flow

Answer 50

resting - 0.3-0.4 mL/min stimulated - 1-2 mL/min

Question 51

what is hyposalivation rates for resting and stimulated flow

Answer 51

resting - <0.1 mL/min stimulated - <0.5 mL/min

Question 52

the challacombe scale is index for what and what is the scale for mild, moderate and severe

Answer 52

dry mouth mild 1-3 moderate 4-6 severe 7-10