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Salivary Gland Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Parotid glands secretly mostly?

A

Serous saliva

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2
Q

Parotid glands are supplied by

A

Parasympathetic fibers from IX

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3
Q

Which is the largest salivary gland?

A

Parotid

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4
Q

What is the relation of the parotid gland?

A

Posterior aspect of masseter muscle, below ear

Wraps around posterior border of mandible

Superficial and deep lobe is divided by facial nerve

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5
Q

What are the relations of the parotid duct?

A

Lies on masseter

At anterior border of mandible, duct turns medially, pierce buccinator muscle and opens adjacent to maxillary 2nd molar

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6
Q

Where is the submandibular duct located?

A

Submandibular triangle of neck

Partly superficial and deep to mylohyoid muscle

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7
Q

Path of submandibular (wharton’s) duct?

A

Opens floor of mouth at punctum lateral to lingual frenum

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8
Q

What is the relation of lingual nerve to submandibular duct?

A

Lingual nerve loops under Wharton’s duct from lateral to medial in the posterior mouth

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9
Q

Location of sublingual duct?

A

Lies on superior surface of mylohyoid muscle

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10
Q

Path of sublingual duct

A

Open into floor of mouth or submandibular duct

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11
Q

What innervates sublingual and submandibular glands

A

VII through the chorda tympani nerve

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12
Q

Sublingual gland produces

A

Mucous saliva

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13
Q

Minor salivary glands produce

A

Mucous saliva?

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14
Q

What are the radiographs taken for salivary glands?

A
  1. Plain films: True occlusal mandible
  2. Sialography
  3. CT scans
  4. MRI
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15
Q

What bacteria causes sialdenitis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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16
Q

What is Mumps?

A

Acute infection caused by paramyxovirus

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17
Q

What age is Mumps common in?

A

3-8 years old

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18
Q

What are the symptoms of Mumps?

A

Painful swelling of one or both parotid and submandibular glands

Fever, chill, headaches

Symptoms 16-18 days after exposure and last 5-12 days

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19
Q

Vaccination of MMR should be given at what age?

A

Infancy

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20
Q

Treatment of Mumps

A
  1. Symptomatic care
  2. Analgesics, anti-pyretics, hydration
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21
Q

How did bacteria infection of salivary duct arise?

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A

Blocked ducts or decreased salivary flow

22
Q

Treatment of Acute Bacterial Sialadenitis

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A
  1. Symptomatic and supportive care: IV fluid hydration
  2. Culture and sensitivity of causative organism
  3. Antibiotics, analgesics
23
Q

List Obstructive Salivary Gland Disease

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A
  1. Sialolithiasis
  2. Mucocele
  3. Ranula
24
Q

What is sialolithiasis?

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A

Calcified structures that develop within ductal system that arise from deposition of calcium salts around a nidus of debris

25
Which gland is Sialolithiasis more common in?
Submandibular gland
26
What can Sialolithiasis cause?
1. Recurrent sialadenitis 2. Bigger stones can cause episodic pain in affected gland, meal-time symptoms
27
Management of sialolithiasis?
Surgical removal of salivary stone
28
What is sialoendoscopy?
Endoscopic transluminal of ductal system of major salivary glands which can remove stones up to 4mm diameter Bigger stones can be fragmented with Holmiun laser
29
Ranula is often a?
Mucous retetion cyst
30
Mucocele is often a?
Mucous extravasation cyst
31
Treatment of Ranula
Marsupialisation
32
Characteristics of Salivary Gland Neoplasms
1. Swelling that is increasing in size 2. Painless, sometimes dull ache 3. Firm to rubbery in texture
33
What is the most common of all salivary gland neoplasms
Pleomorphic adenoma
34
Treatment of Pleomorphic Adenoma
Complete surgical excision of lump and gland Avoid enucleation and tumour spill
35
What is the histology of Pleomorphic Adenoma?
1. Mixture of epithelial, myoepithelial and stromal components 2. No true capsule
36
Clinical signs of Warthin Tumour?
Slow growing, painless, usually appears in the tail of the parotid gland
37
What is the predisposing factor for Warthin's tumour?
Smoking
38
What is the most common salivary gland malignancy?
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
39
Which salivary gland is Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma most common in?
Parotid gland
40
What age is Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma common in?
30-80 years old, peak in 50 years old
41
Clinical sign of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Low grade: Slow-growing painless mass High grade: Rapidly enlarging with or without pain 1. Well-circumscribed to partially encapsulated/unencapsulated 2. Solid tumour with cystic spaces
42
What is the histology for **low-grade** Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma?
1. Mucus cells > Epidermoid cells 2. Prominent cysts 3. Mature cellular elements
43
What is the histology for **intermediate-grade** Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma?
1. Mucus=Epidermoid cells 2. Fewer and smaller cysts 3. Increasing pleomorphism and mitotic figures
44
What is the histology for **high-grade** Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
1. Epidermoid> Mucus cells 2. Solid tumour cell proliferation 3. Mistaken for SCC
45
What is the treatment for Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma?
Influenced by site, stage,grade Stage I and II: Wide local excision Stage III and IV: Radical excision +/- Neck dissection +/- Postoperative radiation therapy
46
What is the 2nd most common salivary gland malignancy?
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
47
Which salivary gland is Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma most common in?
50% Parotid 50% Minor Salivary Glands
48
Which age is Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma most common in?
50 years old
49
Clinical signs of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
1. Slow-growing enlarging mass 2. Dull pain paraesthesias, facial weakness/paralysis 3. Perineural invasion
50
What is the histology of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma?
Infiltrative proliferation of basaloid cells arranged in cribriform pattern
51
What is the treatment of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma?
Complete local excision + Facial nerve sacrifice + Postoperative radiotherapy
52
Prognosis of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Local recurrence 42% Distant metastasis to the lung 5 year survival rate 75% 20 year survival rate 13%

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