Salivary glands Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
A complex fluid produced by the salivary glands.
A
Salivary
2
Q
Group of compound exocrine glands secreting saliva
A
Salivary glands
3
Q
It forms a film of fluid coating the teeth and mucosa thereby creating and regulating a healthy environment in the
oral cavity
A
Salivary
4
Q
These are derived from the oral epithelium and consist of terminal secretory units leading into ducts that eventually open into the oral cavity
A
Parenchymal elements
5
Q
The connective tissue forms a capsule around the gland
and extends into it, dividing groups of secretory units
and ducts into____ and ____
A
Lobes,
Lobules
6
Q
The blood and lymph
vessels and nerves that supply the gland are contained within the ____
A
Connective tissue
7
Q
Compound glands as they
have more than one tubule entering the main duct.
A
Salivary glands
8
Q
A passage that allows the glandular secretion
emptied directly into an anatomic location where
the secretion is to be used.
A
duct
9
Q
The architectural arrangement of
the salivary glands
A
Tubuloacinar
10
Q
These are the secretory units
A
acini
11
Q
Salivary glands are ____ while Tubuloacinar units are ____
(Merocrine, Apocrine, Exocrine)
A
Exocrine, Merocrine
12
Q
The basic functional unit of a salivary gland
A
Acini
13
Q
The terminal secretory unit
is made up of epithelial
secretory cells: ____ and ____ cells.
A
Serous, Mucous
14
Q
Main tight junctional proteins
A
Claudin, occludin, and junctional adhesion molecules
15
Q
Intercellular spaces of apical ends of cells are separated from the lumen by junctional complexes which are:
A
Tight junction (zona occludens)
Intermediate junction (zona adherens)
Desmosomes (maculae adherens)
16
Q
T or F: mucous acini have larger lumen than serous acini
A
True
17
Q
Pyramidal with a broad base on basement membrane
A
Serous secretory cells
18
Q
Formed by glycolated proteins released into a vacuole
A
Zymogen granules
19
Q
These cells show acid phosphates, esterases, glucuronidase, glucosidase and galactoside activity
A
Serous cells
20
Q
Ribosomes consist of ___ and ____
A
RNA, Proteins
21
Q
The proteins or the preproteins have an NH2
terminal extension of 16–30 amino acids called ____
A
signal sequence
22
Q
It translates the encoded message sent by mRNA from the cell’s nucleus.
A
Ribosomes
23
Q
A membranous cisternae of several stacks of 4 to 6 smooth surfaced saccules and functions to sort and modify proteins
A
Golgi Apparatus of serous cells
24
Q
The most common modification of salivary proteins
A
Glycosylation
25
The carbohydrates of secretory glycoproteins include:
galactose, mannose, fructose, glucosamine, galactosamine, and sialic acid.
26
A multistep process that begins in the RER
and is completed in the Golgi apparatus.
Glycosylation
27
A rapid secretion a chain of granules released in the form of a string of pearls
Compound exocytosis
28
Serous cells devote how many percent of its capacity in the production of zymogen granules?
80%
29
Powerhouses for numerous synthetic and transportation process.
Mitochondria
30
These are seen with hydrolytic enzymes which help to destroy foreign material and worn out cell organelles
Lymphocytes
31
Specialized for the synthesis, storage, and secretion of a secretory product
Mucous and/or serous cells
32
Little or no enzymatic activity and probably
serve mainly for lubrication and protection of the oral tissues.
Mucous cells
33
Its ratio of carbohydrate to protein is greater and larger amounts of sialic acid are present.
Mucous cells
34
Special stains for mucous secretion in a cell
Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) or Alcian blue
35
Large, consisting of several stacks of 10 to 12 saccules sandwiched between the basal RER and mucous droplets forming from the
trans face.
Golgi Apparatus of mucous cells
36
Stellate or spider-like, with a flattened nucleus, scanty perinuclear cytoplasm and long branching processes that embrace the secretory and duct cells
Myoepithelial cells
37
Stellate or spider-like, with a flattened nucleus, scanty perinuclear cytoplasm and long branching processes that embrace the secretory and duct cells
Myoepithelial cells
38
Their appearance is reminiscent of a basket cradling the secretory unit, hence the terms ‘basket cell
Myoepithelial cells
39
T/F: Serous cells have larger lumen while Mucous cells have smaller lumen
FALSE: Serous cells have smaller lumen while Mucous cells have larger lumen
40
The presence of ______ confirms the epithelial origin of myoepithelial cells.
Cytokeratin
41
T/F: The ductal system actively participates
in the production and modification of saliva, thus, it is not just a passageway.
TRUE
42
Smallest ducts in the salivary gland
Intercalated ducts
43
Two types of intralobular ducts
Intercalated duct
Striated duct
44
These ducts receive saliva from the intercalated ducts, and form the largest portion of the duct system
Striated duct
45
Lined by a single layer of low cuboid cells and these help modify the saliva through secretory and absorptive process.
Intercalated ducts
46
Site of electrolyte reabsorption especially of sodium and chloride, and secretion of potassium and bicarbonate
Striated ducts
47
As the excretory duct enlarges it contains two layers: ___ and the out connective tissue ____
Mucosa, Adventitia
48
Mucosal epithelium at first: ______ epithelium
then the ductal epithelium changes into _____ epithelium, and finally into _____
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
stratified cuboidal epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
49
These cells have long branching processes and are involved in processing and presentation of foreign antigens to T-lymphocytes and in
immune surveillance.
Dendritic cells
50
Two immunoglobulins secreted into saliva
IgG and IgM
51
Duct with the largest diameter
Excretory duct
52
Nerve supply of the Salivary glands
- Both postganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system
53
The postganglionic fibers reach the gland through the nerves ___ and ____.
Lingual and Auriculotemporal N.
54
Two patters of secretory cells receiving the innervation
Intraepithelial type and subepithelial type
55
Salivary glands are most commonly grouped based on:
Size and location (major/ minor, lingual/ labial)
Histochemical nature of secretory product (serous and mucous)
56
Three bilaterally paired major salivary glands
Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual glands
57
Largest major salivary gland
Parotid Gland
58
The parotid is ___ cm craniocaudally and __ cm ventrodorsally. It weighs between __ and __ grams.
5.8 cm, 3.4 cm, 14 and 28 grams
59
Main excretory duct of Parotid gland is called ___ and it opens at a papilla in front of ___ tooth
Stensen's duct, maxillary second molar
60
Parotid gland nerve supply
Presynaptic – Glossopharyngeal
Post synaptic -auriculotemporal nerve
61
The parotid receives its blood supply from ___ and the lymphatic drainage is via ___ into ___
- Branches of external carotid artery,
- Paraparotid and intraparotid lymph nodes
- superficial and deep cervical lymph nodes
62
The parotid gland is a pure ____ gland
Serous
63
Second largest salivary gland
Submandibular gland
64
Main excretory duct of Submandibular gland
Wharton's duct
65
Submandibular gland opens at __
sublingual papillae also called the caruncula sublingualis
66
Submandibular gland blood and nerve supply
Lingual and Facial arteries.
Facial Nerve - chorda tympani
67
Lymphatic drainage of Submandibular gland
deep cervical and jugular chain of nodes
68
T/F: Submandibular is a compound acinar gland
False. Branched tubuloacinar gland
69
Submandibular gland is both serous and mucous but dominantly ___
Serous
70
Mucous terminal portions are capped by ___
Serous demilunes/ demilunes
71
Smallest of the major salivary
glands which is almond shaped
Sublingual gland
72
Main duct of sublingual gland
Bartholin's duct
73
T/F: Pure serous acini are rare or absent in sublingual gland
True
74
Blood and nerve supply of sublingual gland
sublingual and the submental arteries
Facial Nerve (chorda tympani)
75
Sublingual gland lymph drainage
Submandibular lymph nodes
76
These glands usually consist of several small groups of secretory units opening via short ducts directly into the mouth.
Minor salivary glands
77
T/F: There are 600 to 1000 minor salivary glands lying in the oral cavity and the oropharynx
True
78
A minor salivary gland consisting mucous cells only
Labial glands
79
Minor salivary glands with pure mucous cells
Labial, Glossopalatine, Palatine,
80
T/F: The anterior lingual glands are purely mucous while the posterior lingual glands are mixed.
True
81
The posterior lingual serous glands are also called as ___
Von Ebner's glands
82
Most interesting minor salivary glands as the secretion serves to wash out trough of papillae and ready the taste receptors
Von Ebner's glands or Posterior lingual serous glands
83
The fatty acids, monoglycerides and diglycerides produced by _____ help emulsify fat and increase pancreatic efficiency
Lingual lipase
84
T/F: Major salivary glands do not contain capsule while Minor Salivary glands have capsules.
False. Major: capsulates, Minor: no capsules
85
T/F: salivary glands arise from the entoderm of the oral cavity
False. Ectoderm
86
T/F: salivary glands arise from the entoderm of the oral cavity
False. Ectoderm
87
T/F: Minor salivary glands first develop followed by Major salivary glands
False. Minor salivary glands are developed after the major salivary glands
88
The primordia of the parotid and submandibular glands of humans appear during the __ week, whereas the primordium of the sublingual gland appears after __ to __
weeks of fetal life.
6th, 7, 8
89
The minor salivary glands begin their development during the ___ month
third
90
The primordium of salivary glands is divided into ___ and ___ cells
pregland, preduct
91
The ___ cells take part in
the formation of acini whereas the ____ cells are again divided into anterior and posterior domain.
pregland, preduct
92
First stage in the development of salivary glands
1. formation of analogue and the development of the gland with dichromatic branched
ducts.
93
Second stage in the development of salivary glands
2. The 2nd stage shows further differentiation of the gland with early formation of lobules and canalization of the ducts.
94
The second stage of salivary glands development lasts till the __ embryonal month
7th
95
Third stage of the development of salivary glands
3. Begins in the 8th embryonal month and leads to further structural maturation of the gland with acinar cells and intercalated duct differentiation.
96
The physiologic control of salivary gland secretion is mediated through the activity of the ___
Autonomic nervous system
97
___ fibers of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions innervate the secretory cells.
Postganglionic
98
The release of neurotransmitter from the vesicle in the nerve terminals adjacent to parenchymal cells stimulates discharge of secretory granules, secretes water and electrolytes and contraction of myoepithelial
cells. This process is called ___
Stimulus secretion coupling
98
The release of neurotransmitter from the vesicle in the nerve terminals adjacent to parenchymal cells stimulates discharge of secretory granules, secretes water and electrolytes and contraction of myoepithelial
cells. This process is called ___
Stimulus secretion coupling
99
Activates both a- and b-adrenergic receptors
Norepinephrine
100
Saliva consists primarily of ___ accounting for 99%
water
101
Inorganic ions comprising 1%:
Secretory proteins
Main electrolytes: Na, K, Ca, Cl, HCO3, HPO4
102
The total volume of saliva secreted by humans
is approximately __ to __ ml daily,
750 to 1000
103
Saliva production: ___ gland accounts for 60%, the ___ about 30% and the __ about 5% or less, and about 1% of saliva is derived from the ___
submandibular gland, parotid, sublingual, minor salivary glands.
104
The pH of whole saliva varies from __ to __
6.4 to 7.4 pH
105
The parotid salivary pH varies from __ to __
pH of 6.0 to 7.8.
106
The primary buffering system of saliva is formed by __
Bicarbonates
107
A large group of salivary proteins is called
proline rich proteins
108
The antioxidant defense mechanism is exerted by ___ acid and ___ acid.
Uric, ascorbic
109
Functions of Saliva
Protection and Lubrication
Antimicrobial action
Mucosal Integrity
Dilution and Cleansing
Buffer capacity and Remineralization
Deglutition
Digestion
Taste
Phonation
Excretion
110
One of the most common surface lesions of the oral mucosa is a vesicular elevation called __
Mucocele
