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Surgery I > Salivary Glands > Flashcards

Salivary Glands Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What is the primary function of salivary glands?

A

Secretion of saliva which aids in digestion and oral health

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2
Q

List the major salivary glands.

A
  • Parotid
  • Submandibular
  • Sublingual
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3
Q

What type of secretion do serous cells produce?

A

A thin watery secretion

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4
Q

What type of secretion do mucous cells produce?

A

A more viscous secretion

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5
Q

Which gland primarily produces serous secretion?

A

Parotid gland

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6
Q

Which gland primarily produces mucous secretion?

A

Sublingual gland

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7
Q

What anatomical feature divides the parotid gland into deep and superficial lobes?

A

Branches of CN VII (facial nerve)

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8
Q

What is Stensen’s duct?

A

The duct that runs anteriorly from the parotid gland and opens in the oral cavity opposite the maxillary second molar

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9
Q

What is Wharton’s duct?

A

The duct associated with the submandibular gland that opens into the floor of the mouth

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10
Q

What is the diameter and length of Wharton’s duct?

A

2-4 mm in diameter and about 5 cm in length

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11
Q

What is the physiological control of salivary glands primarily influenced by?

A

The autonomic nervous system

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12
Q

What is the normal daily production of saliva?

A

1-1.5 liters

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13
Q

What is sialolithiasis?

A

The formation of calculi in the salivary glands

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14
Q

What is the major cause of unilateral diffuse parotid or submandibular gland swelling?

A

Sialolithiasis

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15
Q

True or False: Acute ductal obstruction may occur at meal times due to maximum saliva production.

A

True

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16
Q

What is the most common bacteria associated with acute bacterial sialadenitis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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17
Q

What is a ranula?

A

A mucocele that occurs in the floor of the mouth

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18
Q

What are the symptoms of acute suppurative parotitis?

A

Sudden onset of erythematous swelling of the pre/post auricular areas

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19
Q

What is the typical composition of parotid gland secretions?

A

Primarily serous with less mucinous material

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20
Q

What are the classifications of salivary gland disorders?

A
  • Congenital
  • Acquired Inflammatory
  • Obstructive
  • Benign
  • Malignant
  • Tumor-like lesions
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21
Q

Fill in the blank: The predominant effect on salivary gland function is from the _______ nervous system.

22
Q

What are common causes of obstructive salivary gland disorders?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Calculus disease
  • Ductal stenosis
  • Ductal atresia
23
Q

What is the role of the lingual nerve in relation to Wharton’s duct?

Study These Flashcards
A

It winds around the duct, being lateral, then inferior, and finally medial

24
Q

What is the expected complication of interrupted parasympathetic innervation to the salivary glands?

Study These Flashcards
A

Glandular atrophy

25
What is mucocele?
A circumscribed cavity in connective tissue due to mucus retention or extravasation
26
What is the main treatment for acute bacterial sialadenitis?
Antibiotics and hydration
27
What is the typical diagnostic approach for sialolithiasis?
* Plain occlusal film * CT scan * Ultrasound * Sialography
28
What is the difference in radiopacity between submandibular and parotid gland calculi?
* 80% of SMG calculi are radio-opaque * 80% of parotid calculi are radiolucent
29
What is necrotizing sialometaplasia?
A condition that resembles sialadenitis but is a benign and self-limiting process
30
What is the most common bacterium associated with Acute Suppurative Parotitis?
Staphylococcus aureus ## Footnote Other common bacteria include Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, and Haemophilus influenzae.
31
What is the typical clinical diagnosis for Parotitis?
Parotitis is generally a clinical diagnosis ## Footnote In critically ill patients, further diagnostic evaluation may be required.
32
What should be done if there is no response to antibiotics within 48 hours for Acute Suppurative Parotitis?
Perform MRI, CT, or ultrasound to exclude abscess formation
33
What is the recommended treatment for Acute Sialadenitis?
Warm compresses, maximize oral hydration, give sialogogues, and antibiotics ## Footnote B-lactamase inhibitors like Augmentin or Unasyn may be necessary.
34
What is the role of surgery in Acute Parotitis?
Limited role for surgery, mainly for surgical drainage when a discrete abscess is identified
35
What is the frequency of malignant tumors in parotid glands?
20% ## Footnote 80% of tumors in parotid glands are benign.
36
What is the most common benign tumor of the parotid gland?
Pleomorphic adenoma ## Footnote Represents 75% of all parotid epithelial tumors.
37
What are the common treatment options for malignant parotid tumors?
Total radical parotidectomy with facial nerve sacrifice and neck block dissection
38
What is the risk of lymph node spread in submandibular tumors?
Higher risk of LN spread than parotid tumors ## Footnote Level I is the first site of drainage.
39
What is the typical presentation of mucoepidermoid carcinoma?
Asymptomatic enlarging mass or pain, paresthesias, facial weakness/paralysis
40
What is the prognosis for patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma?
Indolent course: 5-year survival 75%, 20-year survival 13%
41
What is the typical clinical presentation of Acute Suppurative Sialadenitis?
Not common, risk of Ludwig’s angina, treated by antibiotics
42
What is the treatment for stones in the submandibular gland?
Remove it from the mouth if in the duct, excise with the gland if in the gland
43
What is the major risk factor for distant spread in salivary gland tumors?
Size and grade of the tumor
44
What percentage of salivary malignancy occurs in the parotid gland?
45-70% of cases
45
What is the typical age range for the presentation of salivary gland tumors?
5th to 8th decades, with peaks in the 5th decade
46
What is the common treatment approach for low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma?
Wide local excision for Stage I & II; radical excision for Stage III & IV
47
What is the significance of facial nerve sacrifice in salivary gland surgery?
Tendency for perineural invasion requires careful consideration during surgery
48
Fill in the blank: 70% of organisms in Acute Suppurative Parotitis produce _______.
B-lactamase or penicillinase
49
True or False: Most minor salivary gland tumors are malignant.
False ## Footnote 60% of minor salivary tumors are benign.
50
What are the common sites for lymph node involvement in submandibular tumors?
Level I, II, and III
51
What is the importance of routine chest X-ray in parotid tumors?
To assess risk for distant spread to the lung

Surgery I (6 decks)

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