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Salvo 70 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does New Ageism represent in contrast to traditional religions?

A

A neo-hippie culture that lacks commitment to any worldview

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2
Q

What does New Ageism satisfy according to the author?

A

The longing for spirituality without the need for rational justification

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3
Q

True or False: New Age is a rational belief system.

A

False

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4
Q

What moral dilemma was presented regarding karma?

A

Whether to intervene in a situation where karma is supposedly at play

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5
Q

What conclusion was drawn about karma as a moral system?

A

It cannot stand as a moral system because it does not allow for compassion

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6
Q

What metaphor does the author use to describe New Age beliefs?

A

A house of cards

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7
Q

What do New Ageists often ignore when it comes to their beliefs?

A

Logic and rationality

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8
Q

What source did a New Ageist reference to explain belief in reincarnation?

A

Dragon Ball Z

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: New Age provides comfort from the cold, stark aspects of _______.

A

naked atheism

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10
Q

What is the nature of the god in New Age beliefs?

A

Indifferent and demands nothing from humans

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11
Q

What is suggested as an effective way to engage New Ageists?

A

Appeal to their emotions (pathos)

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12
Q

What must one have ready when engaging with New Ageists?

A

An answer for what they believe and why they believe it

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13
Q

What is the key to engaging with individuals of different worldviews?

A

Understanding their struggles, hungers, and beliefs

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14
Q

What does the author suggest is important in evangelism toward New Ageists?

A

A loving tone, peaceful demeanor, and hopeful message

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15
Q

What is the author’s view on the effectiveness of rational arguments against New Age beliefs?

A

They are often ineffective as New Ageists find pleasure in their beliefs

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16
Q

True or False: New Ageism is described as a cohesive and logical philosophy.

A

False

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17
Q

What kind of comfort do New Age beliefs provide to their followers?

A

Comfort from the stark realities of atheism

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18
Q

What was the main purpose of the Miller-Urey experiment?

A

To demonstrate the synthesis of organic compounds from inorganic constituents in an origin of life scenario

Conducted in 1953, it aimed to simulate early Earth conditions.

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19
Q

What gases were used in the Miller-Urey experiment?

A
  • Hydrogen
  • Ammonia
  • Methane
  • Water vapor

Oxygen was notably excluded from the mixture.

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20
Q

What did the Miller-Urey experiment produce?

A
  • Two amino acids

It did not produce proteins, which are composed of longer chains of amino acids.

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21
Q

What were the actual atmospheric conditions of early Earth, as determined by later research?

A
  • Nitrogen
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Carbon monoxide
  • Water vapor
  • Free oxygen

These conditions were different from those simulated in the Miller-Urey experiment.

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22
Q

True or False: The Miller-Urey experiment successfully created proteins.

A

False

The experiment only produced amino acids, not proteins.

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23
Q

What flaw did later researchers identify in the electrical simulation used in the Miller-Urey experiment?

A

It used a continuous charge of electricity instead of non-continuous, sudden bursts

This difference in methodology led to the failure to replicate the results.

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24
Q

What is the median number of amino acids in a simple bacterial protein?

A

267

Proteins can be composed of up to 3000 amino acids.

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25
How many different kinds of proteins are estimated to be in the human body?
About 20,000 ## Footnote Proteins are essential for various biological functions.
26
Fill in the blank: The Miller-Urey experiment is often cited in biology textbooks, even though it has been ______.
debunked ## Footnote Jonathan Wells noted this continued citation in his writings.
27
What did Jonathan Wells argue about the Miller-Urey experiment in his book 'Icons of Evolution'?
It serves as an example of an evolutionary myth ## Footnote Wells included it to highlight misconceptions in the scientific establishment.
28
What is the criticism regarding the interpretation of the Miller-Urey experiment's results?
It is seen as a fantastical extrapolation ## Footnote Critics argue that it misrepresents the significance of the experiment.
29
What is the primary focus of the book 'Minding the Brain'?
The relationship between the mind and the brain.
30
Define the term 'brain' as used in the context of the book.
The physical organ residing inside the skull.
31
What does the term 'mind' refer to in this book?
Thoughts, consciousness, will, emotion, soul—any immaterial part of the self.
32
What is the mind-body problem?
Questions about the existence of the mind apart from the brain and their relationship.
33
True or False: The authors of 'Minding the Brain' agree on the relationship between mind and brain.
False.
34
What is physicalism?
The view that matter is the sole fundamental type of substance in existence.
35
List three phenomena that physicalism cannot credibly explain according to the authors.
* Emotions * Thoughts * The sense of individual identity.
36
What is one challenge to physicalism related to causal logic?
How can physical parts like neurons produce non-physical cognitive capacities?
37
What do brain experiments reveal about 'mind actions'?
Physical stimulation of the brain cannot produce 'mind actions' like abstract reasoning.
38
What is the significance of craniopagus twins in the discussion of mind and brain?
They share brain portions yet maintain separate selves and personalities.
39
What do commissurotomies demonstrate about unity of mind?
People with severed brain hemispheres still possess unity of mind.
40
What phenomenon challenges the purely physical view of human beings?
Near-death experiences with verifiable consciousness during clinical death.
41
What are the three models of mind-brain relationship discussed in 'Minding the Brain'?
* Substance dualism * Idealism * Relational ontology.
42
What do substance dualists believe?
There are two types of foundational substances: mental and physical.
43
According to idealists, what is the foundational substance of reality?
Mind.
44
What does relational ontology suggest about the nature of existence?
Things exist not in themselves but in relation to other things.
45
Fill in the blank: According to the authors, we are more than what the _______ say.
[materialists]
46
What do the authors argue about the relationship between physical and non-physical aspects of reality?
They suggest that physicalism cannot explain non-physical human experiences.
47
What is one implication of the authors' discussions on artificial intelligence?
The comparison of AI to human creativity and human emotion.
48
What do the authors conclude about the nature of the mind?
The mind exists as its own non-physical thing.
49
True or False: The book 'Minding the Brain' is filled with field-specific jargon, making it inaccessible to general readers.
False.
50
Who are the Four Horsemen of New Atheism?
Sam Harris, Daniel Dennett, Christopher Hitchens, Richard Dawkins
51
What has happened to the New Atheism movement by 2024?
It seems to be declining, with key figures deceased or shifting focus
52
What is 'Coming to Faith Through Dawkins' about?
A compilation of essays from converts to Christianity influenced by Dawkins and New Atheism
53
What role do McGrath and Alexander play in the book?
They are the editors and are topflight academics in science and religion
54
What cultural shift is noted by McGrath in relation to New Atheism?
Many who embraced New Atheism found it failed to deliver secure knowledge or a sustainable vision of life
55
Fill in the blank: Dawkins's public attacks on Christianity generated a surge of interest in exploring _______.
religious faith
56
What criticism did Dawkins's arguments in 'The God Delusion' face?
Criticized by leading atheist philosophers for being shrill and superficial
57
What model of the relationship between science and religion did Dawkins accept uncritically?
The 'warfare' model
58
True or False: Dawkins's certitude mirrored the religious fundamentalism he critiqued.
True
59
What did Dawkins's growing celebrity resemble?
A new religious movement with infallible prophets and authoritative texts
60
What backgrounds do the contributors of the essays in the book come from?
Scientists, historians, professors, pastors, lawyers, engineers, artists
61
What is a key takeaway from the stories of the contributors?
God makes all things work together to bring people to Himself
62
Fill in the blank: The book provides a renewed sense of the mysterious ways in which _____ works.
God
63
How is biological sex defined for dinosaurs according to the PBS Eons video?
'Male' and 'female' are shorthand for 'sperm-producing' and 'egg-producing' individuals.
64
What is the primary assertion about sex in the PBS Eons video?
Sex is objective and binary and relates to two distinct roles in reproduction.
65
What criticism did Colin Wright have regarding Yale University's BIOL 104 course?
He called it 'pure biological pseudoscience masquerading as science.'
66
What alternative definition of sex do both Colin Wright and Richard Dawkins offer?
Sex is the binary distinction between sperm producers and egg producers.
67
According to Yale's BIOL 104 course, how is sex described?
Sex is a 'cluster of iterative, coevolved, differentiated reproductive homologies.'
68
What claim does Yale's course make about the determination of sex?
Sex is 'not determined' and is 'a fact about history, not individuals.'
69
What perspective do Christians have regarding male and female compared to secular views?
They acknowledge both the binary found in creation and the Creator of it.
70
According to Abigail Favale, how is a human female defined beyond being an 'egg producer'?
A human female is organized around the potential to carry new life.
71
What does the article suggest about individuals who lose reproductive abilities?
They are still fully male or female, despite their abilities.
72
What do rare 'intersex' defects demonstrate according to the article?
They show how essential male and female are.
73
True or False: The article claims that biology needs 'queer theory.'
False
74
Fill in the blank: 'Biology doesn’t need _____. It needs a worldview that grounds the givens of reality.'
[queer theory]
75
What fundamental realities do many biologists acknowledge despite being critical of the idea of God?
Male and female are fundamental realities of embodied life.

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