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Music Set Works > Samba Em Perludio > Flashcards

Samba Em Perludio Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ‘Samba em Preludio’?

A

‘Samba em Preludio’ is a bossa nova song written in 1962.

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2
Q

What does ‘bossa nova’ mean?

A

‘Bossa nova’ means ‘new trend’ in Brazilian.

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3
Q

When was bossa nova most popular?

A

Bossa nova was most popular in the late 1950s and early 1960s.

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4
Q

What musical styles does bossa nova mix?

A

Bossa nova mixes elements of Brazilian samba with jazz.

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5
Q

What language are the lyrics of ‘Samba em Preludio’ in?

A

The lyrics are in Portuguese.

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6
Q

In some versions of ‘Samba em Preludio’, who sings verse 1?

A

In some versions, verse 1 is sung by a man.

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7
Q

In some versions of ‘Samba em Preludio’, who sings verse 2?

A

In some versions, verse 2 is sung by a woman.

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8
Q

What are the performing forces used in the piece?

A

Female voice, acoustic guitar, acoustic bass guitar

The acoustic bass guitar is a larger version of the acoustic guitar, with four strings tuned to E, A, D, G.

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9
Q

How is the acoustic bass guitar tuned?

A

E, A, D, G

This tuning is similar to that of the double bass and bass guitar.

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10
Q

Who performs the vocals and the bass in the piece?

A

Esperanza Spalding

There is no specific credit for a guitarist.

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11
Q

What is notable about the second acoustic guitar part in the guitar solo?

A

It is simplified and played by one guitarist in live performances.

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12
Q

What vocal range does Esperanza Spalding’s vocal line cover?

A

A minor tenth from E below middle C to G above

This range is an octave plus a minor third.

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13
Q

How are the words set in the vocal line?

A

Syllabically, with one musical note to each syllable of text.

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14
Q

What types of rhythmic elements are present in the vocal line?

A

Leaps, triplets, semiquavers, rests.

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15
Q

How closely does Esperanza Spalding’s performance adhere to the printed pitches?

A

Keeps closely to the printed pitches of the score.

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16
Q

What performance technique is used for variations in rhythm and tempo?

A

Rubato.

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17
Q

What is the role of the bass part in the piece?

A

The bass part is active and does much more than play the root of the chord

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18
Q

What features are present in the opening bass solo?

A

The opening bass solo features:
* Double stops
* Wide leaps
* Rapid semiquaver passages
* A mordent
* A harmonic

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19
Q

During verse 1, what unique aspect does the bass display?

A

The bass appears to be playing two parts, alternating lower bass notes with higher chords

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20
Q

How does the acoustic guitar contribute to the piece?

A

The acoustic guitar joins from bar 23 and plays a virtuosic solo between Verse 2 and bar 89

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21
Q

Describe the role of the guitar in its accompaniment role.

A

In its accompaniment role, the guitar plays a mixture of:
* Plucked chords
* Small melodic passages

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22
Q

What is significant about the guitar passages covering vocal phrases?

A

Some guitar passages cover the long notes at the end of vocal phrases

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23
Q

What do the guitar lines do in bars 25-27?

A

In bars 25-27, the guitar line seems to imitate the vocal part

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24
Q

What is the key of the piece?

A

B minor

Many bossa novas use minor keys.

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25
What type of rhythm does the bass solo introduce for verse 2?
Bossa nova rhythm
26
Describe the texture of the introduction.
Monophonic (a single line of music) ## Footnote Apart from a couple of double-stops.
27
What is the texture of most of the piece?
Homophonic (tune and accompaniment)
28
What occurs in bars 89-104?
Polyphonic texture (two or more separate melodic lines at once)
29
What is the structure of the piece?
Bars 1-3, Bars 4-19, Bars 19-22, Bars 23-54, Bars 55-88, Bars 89-104, D.S. to end
30
What is the structure of the bass solo?
An eight-bar idea repeated with changed ending the second time.
31
What does the bass play during the vocal part from bars 4-11?
The vocal part (A) while voice sings bars 23-38 (B).
32
How many bars are in the idea repeated for verse 2?
16 bars
33
What type of musical element is highlighted during the last held vocal note?
Florid riffs by guitar and bass
34
Does the music modulate (change key)?
No
35
What are the harmonies primarily based on?
Chords I, II, IV and V ## Footnote These chords form the foundational structure of the harmonies.
36
What influences the complexity of the harmonies?
Jazz and American popular song ## Footnote This influence contributes to the intricate nature of the harmonies.
37
What are chord extensions?
Extra thirds piled on top of the triad to produce sevenths, ninths, elevenths, and thirteenths ## Footnote Chord extensions add richness and complexity to the harmonic texture.
38
Name two types of chords used in the piece.
* Diminished seventh (bar 35) * Flattened fifth chord (bar 44) ## Footnote These chords provide additional harmonic color.
39
What are chromatic chords?
Chords that contain notes outside the scale of the home key ## Footnote Examples include C#7 (bar 31) and C and F major chords (bars 27/28).
40
How are cadences used in this piece compared to classical styles?
They are not used in quite the same way; ends of sections land on chord V or tonic ## Footnote A more conventional V-I perfect cadence occurs in bars 52-53.
41
What does the bass line sometimes create in the chord progressions?
A descending chromatic movement by semitone ## Footnote This movement is noted in bars 30-38.
42
How many main melodies are in this song?
Two melodies ## Footnote The melodies are heard separately at first and then combined.
43
What are the bar numbers for Verse 1 (A)?
Bars 4-19 ## Footnote The verse starts at bar 4.
44
What happens to the first (or second) note of each phrase?
Descends by a semitone or a tone ## Footnote This creates a long downward sequence.
45
At which bar does the music descend almost beneath the female vocal range?
Bar 11 ## Footnote The music descends to a low E.
46
How does the melodic line move in bars 8-9?
Mostly by leaps of a third and occasionally of a seventh ## Footnote This is an unusual melodic movement.
47
What is the span of all phrases except the first?
A span of a seventh ## Footnote The first phrase spans a minor sixth.
48
What is unique about bars 12-17 compared to bars 4-9?
They repeat bars 4-9 but with rhythmic changes ## Footnote This development alters the melody.
49
What jazzy note is introduced in bar 18?
A flattened fifth (F4) ## Footnote This prepares for the descent to the tonic.
50
What is the note value change at bar 19?
The note values have doubled
51
What is the length of the melodic idea in bars 23-38?
16-bar idea
52
How does the melody in verse 2 (B) primarily move?
Almost entirely conjunct (stepwise) in movement
53
What musical element is descended to in bars 23-26?
The leading note (raised seventh note of the scale -Af)
54
What follows the descending idea in bars 23-26?
A rising and falling idea in bars 27-30
55
Which bars are related to the ending of verse 1?
Bars 27-30
56
What melodic feature is present in bars 31-34?
A sequence with bars 23-26, a fourth higher
57
What happens in bars 34-35?
The flattened fifth idea is repeated twice
58
What is the purpose of moving away from the tonic in bars 34-35?
To set up the repeat
59
What occurs in bars 38-54?
Repeat of bars 23-38, but with the last phrase (36-38) omitted
60
True or False: The increase in phrase lengths in verse 2 (B) is real.
False
61
What is noted about the interpretation of the set works?
There may be other valid interpretations
62
What characterizes the tempo during bars 1-3?
Very free, difficult to recognize a strong pulse ## Footnote The tempo is characterized by a lack of a defined beat.
63
How does the tempo change at bar 19?
Almost doubles with the introduction of bossa nova tempo ## Footnote This marks a significant rhythmic shift in the piece.
64
What is the time signature of the piece?
4/4 quadruple time, except for two bars ## Footnote The change of tempo alters the perception of the time signature.
65
Describe the rhythmic complexity of the vocal melody in verse 1.
Quite complex, not syncopated enough to lose the sense of beat ## Footnote The melody maintains a clear beat despite its complexity.
66
What rhythmic elements are frequent in verse 1?
Triplets and rests separating phrases ## Footnote These elements contribute to the overall complexity of the rhythm.
67
How does the bass part in verse 1 compare to the vocals?
More use of syncopated rhythms, less use of typical bossa nova rhythm ## Footnote The bass part is more rhythmically intricate than the vocal line.
68
What is a notable rhythmic feature of the vocal line in verse 2?
Mostly in longer note values, often syncopated off the beat ## Footnote This contrasts with the rhythmic complexity of verse 1.
69
How does the bass part change from bar 23?
Plays closer to the standard bossa nova rhythm ## Footnote This includes dotted crotchet and quaver pairs with some syncopation.
70
What role does the guitar part play in the rhythm?
Adds rhythmic interest with syncopated and un-syncopated passages ## Footnote The guitar enhances the overall texture of the piece.
71
How do the vocal rhythms in verse 2 compare to those in verse 1 from bar 89?
Less syncopated to fit more easily with verse 1 ## Footnote This adjustment helps unify the rhythmic structure of the verses.

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