Sample Design And Collection Of Data

Question 1

those which are collected afresh and for the first time, and thus happen to be original in character

Answer 1

primary data

Question 2

(i) observation method,
(ii) interview method,
(iii) through questionnaires,
(iv) through schedules,

(a) warranty cards
(b) distributor audits
(c) pantry audits
(d) consumer panels
(e) using mechanical devices
(f) through projective techniques
(g) depth interviews
(h) content analysis

Answer 2

primary data collection

Question 3

those which have already been collected by someone else and which have already been passed through the statistical process

Answer 3

secondary data

Question 4

(a) various publications of the central, state are local governments
(b) various publications of foreign governments or of international bodies and their subsidiary organizations
(c) technical and trade journals
(d) books, magazines and newspapers
(e) reports and publications of various associations connected with business and industry, banks, stock exchanges, etc
(f) reports prepared by research scholars, universities, economists, etc. in different fields
(g) public records and statistics, historical documents, and other sources of published information

Answer 4

Published secondary data collection

Question 5

found in diaries, letters, unpublished biographies and autobiographies

available with scholars and research workers, trade associations, labour bureaus and other public/ private individuals and organisations

Answer 5

Unpublished secondary data collection

Question 6

Data is gathered indirectly

Answer 6

Questionnaire Method

Question 7

No face to face contact between two

Answer 7

Questionnaire Method

Question 8

Interviewer should have the general knowledge of the topic

Answer 8

Questionnaire Method

Question 9

Interviewee will hesitate to write it

Answer 9

Questionnaire Method

Question 10

get written information only

Answer 10

Questionnaire Method

Question 11

Data is gathered directly

Answer 11

Interview Method

Question 12

There is face to face contact between interviewer and interviewee

Answer 12

Interview Method

Question 13

Skillful interviewer is needed

Answer 13

Interview Method

Question 14

Some confidential information can also be obtained

Answer 14

Interview Method

Question 15

get written and oral both type of information

Answer 15

Interview Method

Question 16

also known as deliberate sampling, purposive sampling and judgement sampling

Answer 16

Non-probability sampling

Question 17

items for the sample are selected deliberately by the researcher; his choice concerning the items remains supreme

Answer 17

Non-probability sampling

Question 18

The investigator may select a sample which shall yield results favourable to his point of view

Answer 18

Non-probability sampling

Question 19

there is always the danger of bias entering into this type of sampling technique

Answer 19

Non-probability sampling

Question 20

There is no assurance that every element has some specifiable chance of being included

Answer 20

Non-probability sampling

Question 21

Sampling error in this type of sampling cannot be estimated and the element of bias, great or small, is always there

Answer 21

Non-probability sampling

Question 22

Conveniences ambling
Consecutive sampling
Quota sampling
Judgmental or Purposive sampling
Snowball sampling

Answer 22

Non probability sampling

Question 23

also known as ‘random sampling’ or ‘chance sampling’

Answer 23

Probability sampling

Question 24

every item of the universe has an equal chance of inclusion in
the sample

Answer 24

Probability sampling

Question 25

method of sample selection which gives each possible sample combination an equal probability of being picked up and each item in the entire population to have an equal chance of being included in the sample

Answer 25

Probability sampling

Question 26

Simple random sampling Systematic sampling Stratified random sampling Multistage sampling Multiphase sampling

Answer 26

Probability sampling

Question 27

for homogenous population by lottery method, random number tables

Answer 27

Simple random sampling

Question 28

for large, scattered and non homogenous population

Answer 28

Systematic sampling

Question 29

for non homogenous population

Answer 29

Stratified random sampling

Question 30

method of sampling which gives the probability that a sample is representative of population

Answer 30

Probability Sampling

Question 31

generally used in fundamental research in which the purpose is to generalize the results

Answer 31

Probability Sampling

Question 32

refers from the sample as well as the population

Answer 32

Probability Sampling

Question 33

Every individual of the population has equal probability to be taken into the sample

Answer 33

Probability Sampling

Question 34

representative of the population

Answer 34

Probability Sampling

Question 35

observations (data) are used for the inferential purpose

Answer 35

Probability Sampling

Question 36

Inferential or parametric statistics are used

Answer 36

Probability Sampling

Question 37

absence of any idea of probability the method of sampling

Answer 37

Non-probability Sampling

Question 38

generally used in action researches in which one studies a class without any generalization purpose

Answer 38

Non-probability Sampling

Question 39

There is no idea of population

Answer 39

Non-probability Sampling

Question 40

There is no probability of selecting any individual

Answer 40

Non-probability Sampling

Question 41

has free distribution

Answer 41

Non-probability Sampling

Question 42

observations are not used for generalization purpose

Answer 42

Non-probability Sampling

Question 43

Non-inferential or non-parametric statistics are used

Answer 43

Non-probability Sampling

Question 44

results from errors in the sampling procedures, and it cannot be reduced or eliminated by increasing the sample size

Answer 44

systematic bias

Question 45

1. Inappropriate sampling frame 2. Defective measuring device 3. Non-respondents 4. Indeterminancy principle: Sometimes we find that individuals act differently when kept under observation than do when kept in non-observed situations 5. Natural bias in the reporting of data

Answer 45

Causes of systematic bias

Question 46

random variations in the sample estimates around the true population parameters

Answer 46

Sampling errors

Question 47

occur randomly and are equally likely to be in either direction, their nature happens to be of compensatory type and the expected value of such errors happens to be equal to zero

Answer 47

Sampling errors

Question 48

decreases with the increase in the size of the sample, and it happens to be of a smaller magnitude in case of homogeneous population

Answer 48

Sampling error