Sample Exam #1 Flashcards

Question

Which of the following is not a foundational environmental justice policy measure? a. pro-bono planning solutions b. deferring to local, indigenous planning knowledge c. collaborative hyperlocal problem solving d. pursuing private-public partnerships (PPPs)

Answer 1

While private-public partnerships can be part of justice-oriented planning, PPPs are not inherently beneficial to underserved communities experiencing environmental justice issues. The four recommended environmental justice policies are as follows: encourage triple bottom-line outcomes; give deference to local knowledge; encourage collaborative problem-solving; organize and support pro-bono planning efforts. The correct answer is: pursuing private-public partnerships (PPPs)

Answer 2

The correct answer is that it does not violate the code of ethics. The AICP Code of Ethics does not preclude a former public-sector planner from running for elected office. The correct answer is: Does not violate the AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct

Answer 3

It would not be practical to discuss this incident with co-workers. It would be better to go to the Human Resources office and the AICP Ethics Officer for advice. The correct answer is: Discuss the case with your co-workers.

Answer 4

The AICP Code of Ethics states, “We shall not use to our personal advantage, nor that of a subsequent client or employer, information gained in a professional relationship that the client or employer has requested be held inviolate or that we should recognize as confidential because its disclosure could result in embarrassment or other detriments to the client or employer.” In this case, both answers C and D are appropriate actions. The best course of action is to address the issue immediately by informing the candidate why this would violate the Code of Ethics. This would prevent the sharing of information. If the information were shared it would be a violation of the Code of Ethics. The correct answer is: Explain to the candidate that it would be unethical to share this information

Answer 5

The correct answer is the Executive Director of APA and AICP Ethics Officer. The ethics officer is the executive director of APA/AICP. According to the AICP Code of Ethics, a violation should be reported to the AICP Ethics Officer. The correct answer is: The Executive Director of APA and AICP ethics officer

Answer 6

According to the AICP Code of Ethics, the Ethics Officer reviews the complaint, makes a preliminary determination, provides the complaint to the Certified Planners and then the planner responds to the complaint. The correct answer is: Ethics Officer reviews the complaint

Answer 7

TThe best answer is discuss the problem with the Planning Director. The AICP Code of Ethics requires disclosure of public information, but in this situation it is best handled within the department. The AICP Code states "We shall not use to our personal advantage, nor that of a subsequent client or employer, information gained in a professional relationship that the client or employer has requested be held inviolate or that we should recognize as confidential because its disclosure could result in embarrassment or other detriment to the client or employer. Nor shall we disclose such confidential information except when (1) required by process of law, or (2) required to prevent a clear violation of law, or (3) required to prevent a substantial injury to the public." If the problem is not resolved internally, then it might be appropriate to report the problem to AICP. While not required to pursue an internal remedy before taking action, it's the right management and leadership approach to the issue. The correct answer is: Discuss the problem with her Planning Director

Answer 8

After review by the Ethics Officer, the Ethics Committee can be convened to make a decision. The correct answer is: American Institute of Certified Planners Ethics Committee

Answer 9

The discussion occurred casually over lunch. While the supervisor thought your estimates are high, this is your cue to check your work and make sure your results are accurate. If, after preparing the memo and sharing this with your supervisor, you are asked to change the numbers then you would respond that this would be a violation of your professional ethics. The correct answer is: Check your work and prepare a memo to your supervisor outlining your method and your findings, confirming that the results you shared earlier are accurate

Answer 10

Ethics Committee. One must notify the Ethics Officer of any conviction of a serious crime. However, only the AICP Ethics Committee may reinstate an AICP Member, pursuant to the procedures in Section E of the AICP Code of Ethics. The correct answer is: Ethics Committee

Answer 11

Report this conviction to AICP because your conviction, in part, involves false swearing. The AICP Code requires, "We shall not fail to immediately notify the Ethics Officer by both receipted Certified and Regular First Class Mail if we are convicted of a ‘serious crime’ as defined in Section D of the Code; nor immediately following such conviction shall we represent ourselves as Certified Planners or Members of AICP until our membership is reinstated by the AICP Ethics Committee pursuant to the procedures in Section D of the Code." The correct answer is: Report this conviction to AICP

Answer 12

According to the AICP Code of Ethics, all of these forms of discipline are possible. In addition “The Ethics Officer or the Ethics Committee may attach conditions to these disciplinary actions, such as the writing of a letter of apology, the correction of a false statement or statements, the taking of an ethics course, the refunding of money, or any other conditions deemed just in light of the conduct in question.” The correct answer is: All of these forms of discipline can be applied.

Answer 13

Fostering an ethical environment means that there is open dialogue and active training. While a private call with the planning commissioner could be appropriate, this does not raise awareness among the other commissioners, nor does it ensure that everyone has the training they need. The correct answer is: Have a frank and open discussion around the ethical issue in a closed door session with the commissioners. And follow this with training on ethics.

Answer 14

The correct answer is no. It does not violate the Code of Ethics. While the request may be hypocritical, it is not a violation of the Code of Ethics. The correct answer is: No. It does not violate the AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct.

Answer 15

Providing public information on a case is appropriate. The correct answer is: Ask the woman to call your office the following Monday morning and you will provide her with the developer's contact information, as well as the contact information for the economic development director. Both of these people should be able to provide the woman with more information on the proposed project.

Answer 16

The AICP Code of Ethics states “We shall not use to our personal advantage, nor that of a subsequent client or employer, information gained in a professional relationship that the client or employer has requested be held inviolate or that we should recognize as confidential because its disclosure could result in embarrassment or other detriment to the client or employer.” It would be inappropriate to share the recommendation as it is not yet public information. In this case, you do not have information on why the city might recommend against affordable housing, so D may not be the best option. It would be okay to let interested parties know that there is a matter before the city which may be of interest. The correct answer is: Inform the colleague that the city is considering a case.

Answer 17

The AICP Code of Ethics states “We shall not use the power of any office to seek or obtain a special advantage that is not a matter of public knowledge or is not in the public interest.” In this case you are seeking a special advantage for the city. The correct answer is: Yes, you may not use the power of any office to seek or obtain a special advantage

Answer 18

The AICP Code of Ethics prevents planners from performing work beyond their professional competence, such as practicing law. In this case, the planner has not said they will present the case in court, but simply help prepare the case. The correct answer is: Yes. She is not violating the AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct.

Answer 19

REM is a method used in evaluation, not a form of evaluation design. The correct answer is: Ripple Effect Mapping (REM)

Answer 20

Options ii.) and iv.) relate to process evaluation about the planning and implementation phases of community engagement. Option iii.) relates to impact evaluation which examines causality. Option i.) is the question that outcome evaluation answers because it assesses the change resulting from community engagement without seeking a causal explanation. The correct answer is: I.

Answer 21

To calculate the floor area ratio the total area of the building is divided by the total area. The correct answer is: Calculate the total lot area minus all accessory units

Answer 22

Development of a purchase of development rights program. While the other answers would protect agricultural land, a purchase program guarantees that land will be preserved in perpetuity. The correct answer is: Development of a purchase of development rights program

Answer 23

The Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act has seven goals including safety, infrastructure condition, congestion reduction, system reliability, freight movement & economic vitality, environmental sustainability and reduced project delivery delays. The correct answer is: Enhancing legal protections for land banking

Answer 24

The correct answer is regulating local land uses. This is a responsibility of local governments, not federal governments. Because states are sovereign, the federal government would not have a say in this issue. The correct answer is: Regulating local land uses

Answer 25

Alfred Bettman collaborated with Ladislas (Laci) Segoe on executing the studies for the Plan of Cincinnati. The correct answer is: Cincinnati

Answer 26

Form-based zoning emphasizes form over use. The correct answer is: form-based zoning

Answer 27

The APA Policy Guide on Surface Transportation states “APA encourages planners to develop integrated freight strategies that both improve freight efficiency and address air and noise pollution and climate change impacts. APA and its Chapters and Divisions support planning and development efforts to increase transportation efficiencies, including the development of technology and infrastructure that support the expansion and use of alternative fuel vehicles, and the increased use of other more energy-efficient freight transportation modes.” The correct answer is: All of these issues should be discussed.

Answer 28

Single woman-headed households are still much more common than single man-headed households. The correct answer is: I, II, and III

Answer 29

Generation Y, also known as Millennials, are the demographic cohort between Generation X and Generation Z. Generation Y is generally understood to have been born between 1980 and 1995. The correct answer is: Generation Y

Answer 30

Fining property owners would not be appropriate in this case. This is a grant project, not a regulatory requirement. The correct answer is: Initiate fines for property owners who refuse to participate

Answer 31

The correct answer is The Growing Smart Legislative Guidebook. This 2002 document by Stuart Meck, FAICP provides state and local governments with tools for better growth. The correct answer is: The Growing Smart Legislative Guidebook

Answer 32

Subdivision regulations primary purpose is for recording land and ensuring the health and safety of residents. While it can be a tool as part of growth management, it is not in and of itself a growth management tool. The correct answer is: Subdivision regulations

Answer 33

Healthy living is not depend on house size. The following are elements of healthy living: I. Walking and cycling as alternative transportation II. Interact with neighbors III. Children engaging in active recreation outside The correct answer is: I, II, and III only

Answer 34

The rat sightings would be represented as points on a map. A heat map (or kernel density map) shows areas of elevated concentrations. Those would be the highest priority targets for remediation. The correct answer is: Heat map

Answer 35

While all choices are valid parts of heritage preservation efforts, planners should first establish a way for community members to voice their concerns and ideas for historic districts. It is also important for planners to communicate a community’s history to its residents so they can make informed decisions and raise informed questions. The correct answer is: Organize a community forum to open a dialogue about cultural and historic assets.

Answer 36

A large sample size improves sample reliability because there are more observations, and thus a better chance of discovering the full heterogeneity of the population. The correct answer is: Increase the sample size

Answer 37

Snow would have the highest albedo. Albedo is the portion of solar energy reflected from the Earth back into space, measuring the reflectivity of the earth's surface. Ice and snow has a high albedo with most of the sunlight hitting the surface bounces back toward space. The correct answer is: Snow

Answer 38

The correct answer is stable flow, short delays and speed somewhat restricted. The Highway Capacity Manual, published by the Transportation Research Board, provides concepts, guidelines, and procedures for computing highway capacity and quality of service based on road type. Levels of Service (LOS) range from A to F. An LOS of A means free flowing traffic and F means heavy traffic congestion with severely reduced traffic speeds. The correct answer is: Stable flow, short delays, and speed somewhat restricted

Answer 39

Hippodamus of Miletus was an ancient Greek urban planner who created grid plans for cities during the 5th century BC. His plans focused on creating order that both physically and socially ordered the city. The correct answer is: Hippodamus of Miletus

Answer 40

Of these choices, zoning regulations are the least important in a historic preservation program. The correct answer is: Zoning regulations

Answer 41

Local planners should encourage the specific subject of homelessness in local comprehensive plans. Planners can use the Housing Element of the Comprehensive Plan to determine housing needs and develop effective strategies to address housing issues, including homelessness. Planners should work to ensure that local comprehensive plans provide for a diverse choice of housing opportunities, including supportive housing in levels consistent with need. The correct answer is: III only

Answer 42

The Homestead Act allowed public lands to be sold for a nominal fee. T he correct answer is: It allowed public lands to be sold for a nominal fee.

Answer 43

Section 701 provided funding for local comprehensive planning, leading to communities across the country developing comprehensive plans. The correct answer is: Section 701 of the Housing Act of 1954

Answer 44

Texas’s population grew by 580,000 people as a result of population migration following Hurricane Katrina. The correct answer is: Texas

Answer 45

All of the listed concerns can influence the accessibility and attendance of the meetings as well as the meeting’s efficacy and potential to involve community members after the fact. The correct answer is: I, II, and III

Answer 46

The creation of a visual map is a part of ripple effect mapping (REM) which asks participants to create a visual map of direct or indirect impacts of community engagement over time. Impact evaluation, in seeking a causal explanation for community change, requires more precise measurement using the random assignment of participants and the use of intervention and control groups. The correct answer is: Creation of a visual map

Answer 47

Diversifying the type and increasing the number of housing options available to renters and buyers are crucial to planning for inclusionary housing. All other choices either limit housing options or segregate diverse housing options. The correct answer is: Encouraging the construction of accessory dwelling units (ADUs)

Answer 48

Form-based codes are a departure from conventional zoning, a practice that attempts to separate different land uses that may cause social and spatial friction if placed side-by-side, by regulating design patterns and encouraging mixed-use development. The correct answer is: Separating incompatible land uses

Answer 49

All of these qualities can be seen in an effective leader. The correct answer is: I, II, III, and IV

Answer 50

A vertical organization works best where there are large and functionally complex organizations. In this case, there could be divisions based on function with a chain of command leading from the divisions to the director. The correct answer is: Vertical

Answer 51

A Smart City uses information and communication technology (ICT) and the Internet of Things (IoT) to manage city assets such as information systems, schools, libraries, and transportation. The correct answer is: Smart City

Answer 52

The first step is to meet with staff members to learn about their perceptions of the work environment. The correct answer is: Meet with each staff member to find out how the work environment can be improved.

Answer 53

You should advise the committee to select a chairperson. A steering committee should be led by a committee member rather than a staff member. A staff member typically supports the work of the committee. The correct answer is: Advise the committee to select a chairperson

Answer 54

A strategic plan sets priorities to strengthen the operations of an organization and would be most appropriate in guiding a reorganization of functions. A performance management plan would guide the performance of individual staff members. A capital plan guides infrastructure investment, and visioning sets the broader vision for the community. The correct answer is: Strategic Plan

Answer 55

You should meet privately with the employee to go over the job description and departmental expectations. Placing these expectations in writing creates documentation of the issues. Should matters persist, then bringing in HR would be a wise decision. The correct answer is: Meet privately with the employee to go over the job description and departmental expectations and place in writing the issues that need to be corrected.

Answer 56

Zero-Based Budgeting uses decision packages that can be independently decided upon for funding purposes. The correct answer is: Zero-Based Budgeting

Answer 57

Yellow is the standard color used to designate a low density residential district. The correct answer is: Yellow

Answer 58

Lingle v. Chevron overturned the “substantial advancement” test established in the Agins (1980) case. In this case, Hawaii enacted a limit on the rent oil companies could charge dealer service stations. The rent cap was a response to concerns about gas prices. Chevron argued the the cap was an unconstitutional taking of its property. The district court held that the cap amounted to an uncompensated taking in violation of the Fifth Amendment, because it did not substantially advance Hawaii's public interest in controlling gas prices. The court cited the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Agins v. City of Tiburon (1980), where the Court declared that government regulation of private property is "a taking if it does not substantially advance legitimate state interests." The correct answer is: Lingle v. Chevron

Answer 59

The industry employs more people in this region than the national average. The location quotient compares the share of employment of an industry in a region to the national share. If the share in the region is larger than the national share, the location quotient will be larger than 1, which suggests that the industry exports out of the region. The rationale is that the national share corresponds to self-sufficiency, so if the share is larger than the national share, there is more produced than needed for self-sufficiency, so the excess is exported. The correct answer is: It is an export industry

Answer 60

Logan and Molotch are associated with the City as Growth Machine Theory. The correct answer is: Logan and Molotch

Answer 61

The federal government's Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program encourages the investment of private equity for developing affordable rental housing for low-income and very low-income households. It does this by awarding tax credits to taxpayers who invest in multifamily rental housing that serves these low-income households. The correct answer is: I and IV only

Answer 62

The correct answer is low. Mail surveys have the lowest response rate. Including the survey in a utility bill means that only a small portion of residents will even read the survey. The correct answer is: Low

Answer 63

Mariemont is a planned community in Hamilton County, Ohio, founded in the 1920s by Mary Emery. The correct answer is: Mariemont, Ohio

Answer 64

Media involvement will be critical for getting the word out and encouraging inclusive participation. While the other factors are important and should be part of a public engagement process, media attention is the most critical factor to encourage participation and publicize the ongoing effort, according to "Local Planning: Contemporary Principles and Practices." The correct answer is: Media involvement

Answer 65

Mediation can occur with city staff or with an outside party. Mediation allows each party to share their perspective on the issues. For example, determining changes needed to make the proposal acceptable to both parties, such as operational practices, such as providing advance notice of events at the church. Following mediation the application would go through the normal hearing process. The November 2011 issue of Planning magazine highlights “The Zoning Dispute Whisperer: Adding Mediation to the Planner’s Toolkit.” The correct answer is: Mediation

Answer 66

A Metropolitan statistical area can be described as a central city plus surrounding communities to which it is linked economically. The correct answer is: Metropolitan statistical area

Answer 67

The correct answer is to consult with the transportation division to find out when the TIP is expected to be complete and determine how long a moratorium might last. As a first step toward making an appropriate decision, the planner should have full information. If the TIP will be ready in six weeks, it could work out with the mall developer’s timeline. The correct answer is: Determine how long a moratorium might last by contacting the transportation division to find out when the TIP is expected to be complete

Answer 68

This multi-state commission covers West Virginia, Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. This is a planning, research, advocacy, and funding organization. The correct answer is: Multi-State

Answer 69

Multimodal freight planning typically happens at a national and state level, focusing on supporting adequate, convenient and safe access for goods movement. According to the APA Surface Transportation Policy Guide, freight planning should seek to facilitate good movement while addressing potential negative impacts. The correct answer is: State

Answer 70

According to the Bureau of Indian Affairs “Article 1, Section 8 of the United States Constitution vests Congress, and by extension the Executive and Judicial branches of our government, with the authority to engage in relations with the tribes, thereby firmly placing tribes within the constitutional fabric of the nation.” Supreme Court Justice John Marshall in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) articulated that “tribes possess a nationhood status and retain inherent powers of self-government.” This would include land use regulatory authority. The correct answer is: Tribes possess a nationhood status and retain inherent powers of self-government

Answer 71

The Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act (1990) created the HOME program. The HOME program provides block grants to local governments to increase the supply of affordable housing. The funds can be used to provide down payment assistance, construct or renovate affordable housing, acquire sites for affordable housing development, and support Community Housing Development Organizations in providing affordable housing. The correct answer is: Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act (1990)

Answer 72

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) is America's national charter for protection of the environment. It establishes policy, sets goals (section 101), and provides means (section 102) for carrying out policy pertaining to federal actions, funding, and permitting. It was signed into law on January 1, 1970. The EPA is an independent agency of the federal government that has the responsibility of maintaining and enforcing national standards under a variety of environmental laws, but overseeing subdivisions is not in their domain. The correct answer is: NEPA requires the public and private sectors to conform to certain environmental standards but only if it involves federal funding, work performed by the federal government, or permits issued by a federal agency

Answer 73

In this case, the plaintiff was placed in the R-3 zoning district in error. The plaintiff sued under the 14th amendment, claiming a violation of due process. The correct answer is: Zoning

Answer 74

All of the answers are correct—planners typically work with neighborhood organizations of various kinds to increase citizen participation. Whether the neighborhood organization has elected leaders and decision-making power varies widely. Even without elected members or decision-making authority, neighborhood organizations can wield significant political power. The correct answer is: All of the answers are correct.

Answer 75

You would conduct the activities in this order: I. Engage the public II. Define the problems III. Present the necessary information IV. Identify goals The correct answer is: Engage the public

Answer 76

A neighborhood survey would be effective for engaging a significant number of neighborhood residents to determine how they use the library what they need from a new neighborhood library. A neighborhood meeting would certainly be useful, but a neighborhood survey would likely elicit responses from more people than a one-time neighborhood meeting. The correct answer is: Conduct a neighborhood survey

Answer 77

Net Operating Income = Gross Operating Income X (1 – the vacancy rate) – operating expenses. $9,600 X (1 – 0.05) - $6,000 = $3,120. The use of granny flats could serve as a source of income for local residents and help meet the need of the community. The correct answer is: $3,120.00

Answer 78

The correct answer is I, II, and III only. Traffic circulation would not be a factor in determining the size of the library. Circulation would be considered in determining the siting of the library. The correct answer is: I, II, and III only

Answer 79

Krumholz worked during the 1970s to think first about the disadvantaged in the community in every planning process. The correct answer is: Advocacy planning

Answer 80

The Supreme Court has said that where a regulation is intended merely to prevent a nuisance, it should not be considered a taking. In Euclid v. Ambler, for example, the Court found that as long as the community believed that there was a threat of a nuisance, the zoning ordinance should be upheld. The correct answer is: Nuisance

Answer 81

The correct answer is that the ordinance established setbacks at specific heights, but did not establish height limitations. The correct answer is: Established setback requirements

Answer 82

An orthographic map is one that uses orthographic projection, which is a means of representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions. Although an orthographic projection is likely involved in a base map or computer screen (GIS) map, it is not really relevant to site plan preparation. A topographic map (such as USGS maps), although large scale, would be useful for understanding the contour of a site (change in elevation). The correct answer is: Orthographic map

Answer 83

While collecting data is an important method of evaluating the participatory approach, it is not a benefit of the participatory approach overall. The correct answer is: I, II, and IV

Answer 84

The correct answer is Paul Davidoff. Davidoff actively promoted the use of advocacy planning by planners. The correct answer is: Paul Davidoff

Answer 85

The landmarks law as it relates to deprivation of value and buildings in the area were discussed in the opinion, but ultimately was not enough to persuade the Court. Sovereign immunity was not discussed. The correct answer is: Upheld the Landmarks Law as a valid exercise of the police power.

Answer 86

Pennsylvania Coal and Keystone are about the 5th amendment, Munn is a 14th amendment case The correct answer is: Munn v. Illinois

Answer 87

A Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) chart would allow for the rapid sequencing of tasks ensuring that the project deadline can be met. PERT often deals with unpredictable activities (where the time needed to complete activities is not known). The correct answer is: Program Evaluation and Review Technique

Answer 88

Transit oriented development is planned and designed to locate high-demand land uses at or near the most efficient modes of transportation, like light rail lines, subway lines, and frequent, high-capacity bus routes. The concept of transit oriented development was pioneered by Peter Calthorpe who is an urban planner and founding member of the Congress for new Urbanism. The correct answer is: Peter Calthorpe

Answer 89

The plan was not fully implemented, and later plans replaced the Plan for Chicago. The correct answer is: I only

Answer 90

The APA defines equity as “just and fair inclusion into a society in which all can participate, prosper, and reach their full potential. Unlocking the promise of the nation by unleashing the promise in us all.” The correct answer is: working toward just and fair inclusion into a society in which all can participate, prosper, and reach their full potential.

Answer 91

The idea of Plural Planning is associated with advocacy planning theory. The correct answer is: Advocacy

Answer 92

The margin of error is a statistic about the amount of random sampling error in a survey. The larger the margin of error, the less confident one can be that the poll reported results are close to the truth for the whole population. The margin of error is reported as a confidence interval radius and this is converted to percentage points, in this case 4%. A 95% confidence interval is a standard statistical rule-of-thumb that comes from the assumption of a normal distribution. For a normal distribution, 95% of the values are around the true mean +/- 2 standard deviations. For the survey, the result of 52% is seen as an estimate of the true mean. But using the concept of a “confidence interval” we can give a value to how likely it is that the true mean is within +/- 2 standard deviations from the estimated mean. The margin of error of 0.04 corresponds to two standard deviations (not specified in the test question, but typically assumed). So, the answer is, we can be 95% confident that the true percentage is between 48% and 56%, i.e., within 4% from the estimate. The 96% (as 100-4) is actually irrelevant in this context (there to throw you off), since there is no relation between 96% and the standard deviations. The correct answer is: With 95% confidence, the estimated percentage of 52% is within 4% of the true percentage favoring the mayor's run for a second term.

Answer 93

The formula is as follows, with y(t) as the population at time t, and y(0) as the starting population: y(t) = y(0) e^rt (that is the number e or ~ 2.718 to the power of the growth rate - as a fraction - and the number of years) Since the population at time t is double the initial population, y(t) = 2 y(0). A little algebra yields: 2 y(0) = y(0) e^rt, or 2 = e^rt, We know r (0.12) and need to find t. By taking the natural logarithm on both sides of the equal sign, we get ln(2) = rt, so that t = ln(2) / r ln(2) = 0.693, thus t = 0.693 / 0.12 = 5.775 ~ 6 There is also a so-called rule of 70 (an approximation), which gives the doubling time as the ratio of 70 and the percentage growth rate (as a percentage, not a fraction): rule of 70: divide 70 by the percentage growth rate 70/12 = 5.8 ~ 6 The correct answer is: 6 years

Answer 94

Procedural due process. Procedural due process is covered under the 14tg Amendment and provides protection against unfair process where an individual's life, liberty, or property is concerned. States require open meetings to provide the opportunity for the public to be informed. The correct answer is: Procedural due process

Answer 95

Process evaluation involves collecting data on the various factors of the planning and implementation phases (frequency or meetings, content of meetings, diversity, inclusion, etc.), so it must be collected from the start of the planning process and then throughout. The correct answer is: At the beginning and throughout

Answer 96

All of these would be factors. Meetings are best timed when they do not conflict with holidays or school breaks. Given that this is a regional transportation plan, you would want to avoid overlap with the MPO meeting dates. Community festivals can be an ideal time for engagement—for example, with a booth. But it would be a bad time to have a meeting while the festival is occurring. The correct answer is: Holidays, community festivals, MPO meeting dates, and school breaks

Answer 97

The most effective way to notify area residents is through posting a sign at the complex, as residents would be aware of the development proposal and through notifying neighborhood leaders. An important term here is "most effective." The set-up is all about the potential negative impact on a very specific group of residents, so "most effective" is going to be an approach that targets that group specifically. Notifying neighborhood leaders and posting a sign directly in the complex would be very targeted and effective approaches. The fact that the question specifically states that a newspaper publication "with wide circulation" is already involved is a signal that further media involvement would not be considered "most effective." And, of course, posting on the planning website would be particularly ineffective. While information about the application would be helpful, residents are unlikely to visit the website on their own. The website would be a place for secondary information that people can visit after learning about it from the sign or neighborhood leader. The correct answer is: II and III only

Answer 98

The flyer and publicity are tactics that would publicize the next meeting. The other answers are important for ensuring a positive experience for participants that attend, but will not influence people actually coming to the kick-off meeting (but could influence their decision to participate further). The correct answer is: Deploy an eye-catching flyer to be posted in public places and ask other groups to publicize the meeting announcement

Answer 99

When planning a scenic corridor meeting you should consider all of the above. You must decide who to invite, how to phrase the invitation so that participants understand what the meeting is going to be about and its format, how the invitations will be delivered, and how to reach out to the media in spreading the word about the meeting. The correct answer is: Who to invite, how to phrase the invitation, the form of the invitation (by mail, electronically, or by telephone), and how to provide information to the media about the meeting

Answer 100

Zoning ordinances are created for the protection of public health, safety, and welfare. Their purpose generally extends to provision of coordinated and practical community development and proper density of population, including providing for the use of land within the municipality for residential housing of various dwelling types. Zoning for the purpose of increasing property value or ensuring the highest and best use of land is not considered an appropriate zoning purpose. The correct answer is: The purpose of zoning is to provide for the highest and best use of land

Answer 101

The correct answer is that it determines sales capacity of a market area. A push analysis determines if the introduction of a new business will generate additional customers. The correct answer is: It determines the sales capacity of a market area.

Answer 102

The best answer is: Adoption of a comprehensive revision to the zoning ordinance, as it is clearly a legislative action by the governing board; the others are usually quasi-judicial functions, with the caveat that a master plan amendment can be considered legislative in some states. The correct answer is: Adoption of a comprehensive revision to the zoning ordinance

Answer 103

In a systematic random sample everyone in the population has an equal chance of being selected. One example of a systematic random sample would be to select a number at random and then selecting every Xth person after that. The correct answer is: Every xth person will be surveyed

Answer 104

Real property consists of all land, structures, attached equipment, such as street lights, anything growing on the land, and all "interests" in the property, which ca include the right to future ownership, right to occupy for a period of time, the right to drill for oil, the right to get the property back if it is no longer used for its current purpose, use of airspace, or an easement across another's property. The correct answer is: All of the above

Answer 105

The best way to understand how the planning department can support this new group in the community is to reach out to community leaders to understand their needs. The correct answer is: Meet with local community leaders to understand the needs of the population

Answer 106

The Regional input-output modeling system provided by the Bureau of Economic Analysis provides employment multipliers based on the North American Industrial Classification System which can be used to calculate a location quotient. A shift share analysis provides information on the region’s share of employment in an industry compared to the national share, which is not what the Mayor is looking for. The correct answer is: Regional input-output modeling system

Answer 107

Regression Analysis can be described as a statistic that provides an estimate of one variable based upon other variables. The correct answer is: A statistic that provides an estimate of one variable based upon other variables

Answer 108

Greenbelt towns which provided affordable housing for federal government workers were planned by Rexford Guy Tugwell, head of the United States Resettlement Administration, under authority of the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act. The correct answer is: Greendale, Maryland

Answer 109

A resource approach would be best. A needs assessment is a process for determining needs, between current conditions and desired conditions. In the case of parks, a resource approach might be best in documenting the park land resources available and comparing this to appropriate benchmarks and national standards. The correct answer is: Resource Approach

Answer 110

Retail has been going through enormous change in the last few years, largely due to the rise of e-commerce. Appropriate planning responses might include: financial incentives (tax breaks or low-interest loans) targeted to attract specific types of retail in certain areas; zoning restrictions on chain stores and big-box retailers; reduced mandates for ground-floor retail if such mandates are generating an over-supply of retail space; and prioritizing the redevelopment of aging and outdated retail spaces. The correct answer is: I only

Answer 111

All 50 states have some form of Right to Farm law, which attempts to preserve agricultural practices and make farming more viable. Right to Farm laws deny nuisance lawsuits against farmers, even if their agricultural practices harm or bother adjacent property owners. Such nuisances may include noise, odors, and visual clutter. The laws aim to minimize the threat to normal farming practices, in contrast to typical farmland preservation policies, which aim to preserve farmland itself. The correct answer is: I and II only

Answer 112

The Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA), is a federal law that prohibits the imposition of burdens on the practice of religion and prohibits churches and other religious institutions from being overly restricted by zoning laws. The correct answer is: The Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act of 2000

Answer 113

All of these are ways that you could encourage participation. The walk around survey can be interpreted two ways: 1) Walk to residents' homes OR 2) encourage people to walk the route to school with you to discuss key issues with students routes to school. Direct interaction with parents is the best choice. The correct answer is: A walk around survey

Answer 114

A Samoan Circle is designed to permit interaction that occurs in small groups, but can be witnessed by a larger group. The meeting is set up with an inner circle of five to six chairs. The rest of the chairs are setup in concentric outer circles. Initially everyone is seated in the outer circles. People who wish to speak move to the inner circle. Once they speak they return to their original seat. The discussion continues as long as there are participants who wish to speak. The correct answer is: Samoan Circle

Answer 115

SARAR stands for Self-esteem, Associative strength, Resourcefulness, Action planning, and Responsibility. This is a series of techniques designed to be highly visual and accessible to those who cannot read or write. Examples, include pocket charts, three pile sorting, and picture stories with gaps. The correct answer is: Self-esteem, Associative strength, Resourcefulness, Action planning, and Responsibility

Answer 116

Saul Alinsky was a community organizer in Chicago. The correct answer is: A community organizer in Chicago

Answer 117

The cost of entertainment, light food, and babysitters could be contained to $500 per meeting, allowing each school to have a successful meeting. Of course, alcohol should not be served at public meetings. The correct answer is: IV

Answer 118

Sector theory is a model of urban development proposed by Homer Hoyt in which sectors radiate out like pie shaped wedges from the central business district. Sector theory stresses the role of transportation in urban development. Each sector represents a specific land use, and thus represents a distinct area of land values. Land use sectors either complement or oppose each other. The correct answer is: It was developed by Homer Hoyt and it prioritizes the role of transportation

Answer 119

Arnstein’s ladder of participation starts at manipulation and proceeds through therapy, informing, consultation, informing, consulting, placation, partnership, delegated power, and citizen control. Originally published as Arnstein, Sherry R. "A Ladder of Citizen Participation," JAIP, Vol. 35, No. 4, July 1969, pp. 216-224. The correct answer is: Delegated power

Answer 120

Materials for construction are not included at the site planning stage. The correct answer is: Deciding on specific materials to use in construction.

Answer 121

Site plan review is not associated with property values. Instead it is focused on the provision of infrastructure, preservation of onsite natural features, etc. The correct answer is: Increasing the value of the property

Answer 122

The simple phrase "Smart Decline" best describes the city's plan. Smart decline is a strategy that can be used in shrinking cities to plan for decline. The correct answer is: Smart Decline

Answer 123

Social Justice includes promoting a just society by challenging injustice and valuing diversity The correct answer is: Social Justice

Answer 124

All of the above could be used in a comprehensive planning process. Twitter and Facebook can be used to keep people informed as the process proceeds. Flickr and Instagram can be used to share images taken by staff and the public of the community. A blog can be used to provide information about the issues that are being considered as part of the plan. The correct answer is: All of the above

Answer 125

III is not an aspirational principle in the code. The correct answer is: I, II, and IV

Answer 126

Spatial justice is linked to the concept of social justice; while the goal of social justice is people being able to realize their potential in the communities they live in, the interest of spatial justice is how where people live affects their access to resources. The ability to live anywhere in a city or equitable zoning practices are certainly important, but they do not define spatial justice. The correct answer is: How our cities are organized has a significant bearing on whether people have access to what they need.

Answer 127

Utility Districts and School Districts are examples of a Special District. Special Districts typically have the ability to levy taxes and take out debt to perform the functions required of the district. The correct answer is: Special District

Answer 128

Sprawl is not associated with land conservation – in fact it is associated with loss of habitat. The correct answer is: An increase in land available for habitat

Answer 129

Preemption is when the law of a higher level of government limits the power of a lower level to regulate a particular issue. "YIMPBY" stands for "yes in my backyard" and is loosely organized as a pro-development group. The correct answer is: State preemption

Answer 130

The step-down method would be the most appropriate in this case. The step-down method applies proportion and uses the population of a larger entity (e.g., a city) to estimate the population of a smaller entity within it (e.g., a neighborhood). Cohort survival uses birth, death, and migration rates within age cohorts. Symptomatic estimation calculates the population of an area based on number of housing units. Linear projection is a straight time trend where the average change over the past period will continue in the future. The correct answer is: Step-down

Answer 131

Channelization. Channelization straightens and increases the volume of water delivered to streams. The correct answer is: Channelization

Answer 132

This question is purposely written with confusing words such as least likely, decrease, and increase to encourage you to pay attention as a key AICP exam strategy. In this case, you are looking for the answer of items that would result in increased stormwater runoff, including increasing minimum parking and additional lot coverage. The correct answer is: III and IV

Answer 133

According to the EPA, “EPA’s Superfund program is responsible for cleaning up some of the nation’s most contaminated land and responding to environmental emergencies, oil spills and natural disasters. To protect public health and the environment, the Superfund program focuses on making a visible and lasting difference in communities, ensuring that people can live and work in healthy, vibrant places.” The program holds the current property owner liable for site contamination and requires the polluter to help pay for site cleanup. The correct answer is: I only

Answer 134

Tactical urbanism represents an activist approach to engaging the community in the possibilities of transforming a space. Tactical urbanism focuses on making an immediate impact in a community. The correct answer is: Tactical Urbanism

Answer 135

Taxes redistribute income and provide a source of revenue to pay for government goods and services The correct answer is: I

Answer 136

Explanation: Telephone surveys can result in an unrepresentative sample. This is due to a number of factors including the lack of a home telephone (for example cell phone only or no phone at all), the use of caller ID to screen calls, unlisted phone numbers, and no one home at the time of the call. Labor, expense, and time are all factors, but the best choice is an unrepresentative sample. The correct answer is: They may not reach a representative sample

Answer 137

Townships are subdivided into sections. Each township is six miles by six miles, township contains 36 square miles, each one forming a section. Calculations start at the end and work to the beginning of a sentence. Each section is one square mile, which is 640 acres. 1/4 of 640 is 160. 1/4 of 160 is 40 acres. The correct answer is: 40

Answer 138

The Smart Code is not based on “Smart Growth” except in a very conceptual way. In the SmartCode, there are six transect zones plus one special district. There are many adaptations of the basic SmartCode template, and locally calibrated codes can have more than six zones. The correct answer is: A description of the continuum of transect zones from rural to urban

Answer 139

The U.S. Department of Commerce uses an index of 12 leading indicators to measure the direction of the economy.These include interest rates, stock prices, oil prices, unemployment, housing starts, and consumer expectations. The correct answer is: Twelve leading indicators

Answer 140

Equity planning is best defined as working toward just and fair inclusion into a society in which all can participate, prosper, and reach their full potential. Adaptive reuse is best defined as the process of converting buildings that have outlived their original purpose to accommodate new uses. New Urbanism is best defined as planning practice that incorporates interrelated patterns of land use, transportation, and urban form to create communities that foster the most desirable characteristics of human habitation. The correct answer is: Universal design

Answer 141

Answer is B. The future value of money can be calculated based on the present value, time, and interest rates. Here is a link to a resource to understand and calculate future value http://www.calculator.net/future-value-calculator.html The correct answer is: $9,600,634.00

Answer 142

Urban Clusters (UCs) have at least 2,500 and less than 50,000 people. The correct answer is: A metropolitan statistical area

Answer 143

Urban design typically works at a district level. While aesthetics are part of urban design, the district focus is the most accurate. The correct answer is: District focus

Answer 144

The variance is a numerical value used to indicate how widely individuals in a group vary. The correct answer is: Variance

Answer 145

This question is asking which is NOT true. There is not a vested right if a property has an existing zoning classification. The correct answer is: There is a vested right if a property has an existing zoning classification.

Answer 146

Planning is filled with wicked problems. For example, poverty is not the result of a single factor and there is not a simple or easily understood solution. The correct answer is: Wicked problem

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