Sample paper questions I got wrong

Question 1

Which are the most crucial stages of the strange situation?

Answer 1

When the caregiver returns

Question 2

Which emotional disorders are most commonly associated with sleeping problems?

Answer 2

Generalised anxiety disorder, depression and separation anxiety disorder

Question 3

Which of the following causes problems with identifying ADHD?

Answer 3

Gender differences

Question 4

14. A twin study of depression in children found that rMZ = .80, and rDZ = .52. By comparing these correlation coefficients, what is the estimated relative influence of non-shared environmental factors?

Answer 4

20%

(2 (rMZ – rDZ) 2(.8 - .52) = .56
(rMZ – h^2) 0.8 - 0.56 = 0.24
1 – (.56 + .24) = 0.2 = 20%

Question 5

Which of the following is not a constituent of temperament, according to Thomas & Chess’ Paediatric Approach?
a) Activity level
b) Regularity
c) Sociability
d) Distractibility

Answer 5

c) Sociability

Question 6

18. According to Thomas and Chess (1977):

Answer 6

Temperament refers to the how of behaviour

Question 7

20. Which of the following statements is correct?
    a) Children with Down Syndrome and typically developing children show similar social peer play interactions
    b) Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and typically developing children show similar social peer play interactions
    c) Children with Down Syndrome and children with Autism Spectrum Disorders show similar levels of social peer play interactions

Answer 7

a) Children with Down Syndrome and typically developing children show similar social peer play interactions

Question 8

You are conducting a study examining friendships in 3-year-old children, which is the best method to use to assess friendship at this age

Answer 8

Observe children playing and note down which of their peers they play most closely to

Question 9

24. Which of the following is not a valid criticism of theory-theory as an explanation for the development of theory of mind in childhood?
    a) Doesn’t explain how children advance in their theory of mind understanding
    b) Difficult to empirically test using behavioural method
    c) Not clear what the process of theorising is
    d) Theory of mind is an outcome of development therefore not possible to develop a theory without first having a theory of mind

Answer 9

d) Theory of mind is an outcome of development therefore not possible to develop a theory without first having a theory of mind

Question 10

Why do we need longitudinal studies to clarify the role of theory of mind for children’s social relationships?

Answer 10

Theory of mind is hypothesised to be both a predictor and outcome of social relationships

Question 11

29. McGarrigle and Donaldson’s (1974) ‘Naughty Teddy’ study involved:

Answer 11

Involved an assessment of children’s ability to conserve

Question 12

Sociocultural theories refer to the values, economic circumstances, symbol systems and skills that are involved in everyday interactions as:

Answer 12

Cultural tools

Question 13

5. Why might we not expect children’s theory-of-mind to be strongly positively correlated with children’s concurrent socially competent behaviour? Use an empirical example to illustrate your point (identifying the findings of the study is sufficient if you can’t remember the researcher(s)). Credit will be given for clarity of argument.

Answer 13

ToM is social neutral so can be used for positive and negative behaviours (empirical example is the link between ToM and bullying behaviour, or Lying)

Children can use their theory of mind for negative social interactions as much as they can for positive social interactions. Theory of mind is associated with bullying as children must understand how their actions will affect another child to successfully bully them. This requires second-order false-beliefs and for the bully to be able to see from a perspective other than their own.