Sample Preparation and Handling

Question 1

It occurs prior to specimen testing and may include variables involving the process of obtaining a specimen.

CHOICES:
Patient Identification, Tourniquet, Pre-examination errors

Answer 1

Pre-examination variable

Question 2

Also called as Pre-Analytical Error and comprise 46 to 56% of all errors

CHOICES:
Patient Identification, Tourniquet, Pre-examination errors

Answer 2

Pre-examination errors

Question 3

This is the process of “correctly matching a patient” to appropriately intended interventions and communicating information about the patient’s identity accurately and reliably throughout the continuum of care.

CHOICES:
Patient Identification, Tourniquet, Pre-examination errors

Answer 3

Patient Identification

Question 4

Most serious and potentially dangerous pre-examination error.

CHOICES:
Patient Identification, Tourniquet, Pre-examination errors

Answer 4

Patient Identification

Question 5

A device that is used to apply pressure to a limb or extremity in order to limit – but not stop – the flow of blood.

CHOICES:
Patient Identification, Tourniquet, Pre-examination errors

Answer 5

Tourniquet

Question 6

The tourniquet should be on arm no longer than 1 minute. True or False

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Pumping Hand/Tight Fist = Increased Lactate. True or False

Answer 7

True

Question 8

After extreme exercise, there will be an increase in Creatinine Kinase (CK), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Bilirubin, Creatinine, and Uric Acid. True or False

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Glucose increases with stress and decreases with exercise. True or False

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Preferred position of patient to prevent hemodilution or hemoconcentration

Answer 10

seated/supine

Question 11

Supine to Sitting/Standing causes vasoconstriction and increase in Proteins, Bun, Lipids, Iron, Calcium. True or False

Answer 11

False - Increase in Enzymes, Calcium, Albumin

Question 12

Sitting to Supine causes hemoconcentration and an increase in Enzymes, Calcium, Albumin. True or False

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Standing to Supine causes a hemodilution and increase in Triglycerides, Lipoproteins, Cholesterol. True or False

Answer 13

False - decrease

Question 14

Prolonged standing may cause an increase in potassium released by muscles. True or False

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Prolonged bed rest decreases albumin or fluid retention. True or False

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Calcium, Cholesterol, Lipids, Drugs, Steroids, Thyroid hormones, and Blood Pressure increases due to a change of posture. True or False

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Phlebotomists should always determine if the patient is fasting by asking the patient. True or False

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Fasting usually means no for 8 to 12 hours. True or False

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Partial tubes can be poured

together. True or False

Answer 19

False - it cannot be poured together

Question 20

Tubes should vary no more than plus or minus 10% in filling. True or False

Answer 20

True

Question 21

All anticoagulant tubes must be mixed by inversion to disperse. True or False

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Diurnal rhythm: Cortisol

Answer 22

Higher in morning

Question 23

Diurnal rhythm: Iron

Answer 23

Lower in morning

Question 24

Diurnal rhythm: ACTH, Renin, Aldosterone, Insulin

Answer 24

Higher in the morning, lower at night

Question 25

Diurnal rhythm: GH, ACP

Answer 25

High in afternoon and evening

Question 26

Diurnal rhythm: T4

Answer 26

Increase with exercise

Question 27

Diurnal rhythm: Prolactin

Answer 27

Higher at 4 to 8 am and 8 to 10 pm

Question 28

Diurnal rhythm: Calcium

Answer 28

Decrease supine and Circannual (increase in summer)

Question 29

Type of collection that increases the chance of hemolysis and clotting of the samples

Answer 29

syringe collection

Question 30

Preferred method of collection

Answer 30

Evacuated Tube System (ETS)

Question 31

Povidone-iodine/tincture of iodine (Increases potassium, phosphorus, and uric acid level) are only used for Blood Culture Collection. True or False

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Blood alcohol testing - must be done with a non-alcohol cleaner. True or False

Answer 32

True

Question 33

The most common factor that varies test results over which the phlebotomist has control

Answer 33

order of draw

Question 34

Arm-down position to prevent the anticoagulated blood from flowing back into the needle contaminating the next tube. True or False

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Tests that require chilling

Answer 35

Ammonia, Acid Phosphatas, Catecholamines, Lactic Acid, pH/blood gas

Question 36

Tests that must be maintained at body temperature.

Answer 36

Cold Agglutins, Cryoglobulin

Question 37

Tests that must be protected from light

Answer 37

Bilirubin, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin K

Question 38

If Amber tubes are not available, you can use aluminum foil to prevent the samples from light. True or False

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Anticoagulated blood samples must be free from clots. True or False

Answer 39

True

Question 40

a container in which the sample was collected

Answer 40

primary container

Question 41

contains any leakage or breakage of the primary container (Self-Sealing bag/Camping coolers)

Answer 41

secondary container

Question 42

most traumatic and needs faster delivery

Answer 42

pneumatic tube system

Question 43

The destruction of red blood cells

Answer 43

hemolysis

Question 44

Hemolysis happens because of Vigorous Shaking of Sample, Pulling back on the syringe, Freezing the whole blood, Heat, and The needle is too small. True or False

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Practice good phlebotomy techniques and Separate serum/plasma before storage prevents hemolysis. True or False

Answer 45

True

Question 46

When the tourniquet is left on too for too long

Answer 46

Hemoconcentration

Question 47

When the lid left off the sample, the water in serum/plasma evaporates - The ratio is off

Answer 47

Evaporation

Question 48

caused by the increased amount of triglycerides and non-fasting specimen

Answer 48

lipemia

Question 49

Also known as Jaundice and It is caused by a build-up of bilirubin

Answer 49

icterus

Question 50

Icterus is can be prevented with phlebotomy technique or fasting. True or False

Answer 50

False - Icterus cannot be prevented with phlebotomy technique or fasting

Question 51

Clotting of samples indicates an inadequate mixing of tubes, the draw syringe sits too long and slow draw. True or False

Answer 51

True

Question 52

To prevent clotting of samples, Invert the tube 8-10 times (Do not shake to prevent Hemolysis) and Do not delay filling tubes from the syringe. True or False

Answer 52

True

Question 53

Bacterial infections are caused by improper phlebotomy or collection technique, inadequate cleaning of venipuncture site, non-sterile supplies, and expired supplies. True or False

Answer 53

True

Question 54

Chemical contamination is caused by contamination of IV lines, Potassium drip, and Lactated ringers. True or False

Answer 54

True

Question 55

Chemical contamination can cause various erroneous results. True or False

Answer 55

True

Question 56

Storage condition for specimen: ambient

Answer 56

Room Temperature - 15-25 °C

Question 57

Storage condition for specimen: refrigerated

Answer 57

-2-8 °C

Question 58

Storage condition for specimen: frozen

Answer 58

< or = -20 °C and Ultra low -80 °C

Question 59

The word stat is an abbreviation of the Latin word statim, which has the meaning "instantly/immediately" True or False

Answer 59

True

Question 60

Cerebrospinal Fluid, Other fluids, and Trauma Specimens are samples of STAT specimens. True or False

Answer 60

True

Question 61

Bilirubin, Vitamin B1 and B2, Porphyrins, Urine Porphobilinogen, Folate needs to be protected from light. True or False

Answer 61

True

Question 62

Documentation from Specimen collection until final disposal and Any results that can be used in court (Drug test, Blood Alcohol, Rape Kits, Medico-Legal)

Answer 62

Chain of Custody

Question 63

Biohazardous agents must be packaged so that PPE is not needed during transport. True or False

Answer 63

True

Question 64

The specimen must be in the leak-proof primary container and The primary container must be leak-proof (sealed plastic bag). True or False

Answer 64

True