Sample Questions

Question 1

What is a vaccine?

Answer 1

dead or weakened pathogen

Question 2

How is immunity developed?

Answer 2

white blood cells produce antibodies

Question 3

How is DNA used?

Answer 3

codes for the sequence of amino acids assembled into proteins at ribosomes

Question 4

What is a mutation?

Answer 4

change in the base letter code of DNA

Question 5

What are the common causes of mutations?

Answer 5

radiation, UV light

Question 6

What are the effects of mutation?

Answer 6

changes in protein shape and function

Question 7

What mutations are inheritable?

Answer 7

only those in sex cells

Question 8

How do cells become specialized?

Answer 8

differentiation and gene expression

Question 9

What techniques are used to compare DNA?

Answer 9

karyotype shows chromosome pair and gel electrophoresis shows banding pattern of DNA fragments

Question 10

What influences gene expression?

Answer 10

environmental conditions

Question 11

State a hypothesis.

Answer 11

If ________, then _________.

Question 12

Describe treatment in a control and an experimental group.

Answer 12

control - 1 seed in a pot

experimental - 50 or 100 seeds in a pit

Question 13

What is an independent variable?

Answer 13

the variable that is changed in an experiment

Question 14

List two ways to improve an experiment.

Answer 14

larger sample size and repeat many trials

Question 15

Name three abiotic factors.

Answer 15

rainfall, temperature, light, depth

Question 16

Name a problem from burning coal, burning oil, and the use of CFCs.

Answer 16

acid rain - pollution of habitat
global warming - loss of biodiversity
depletion of ozone - increase UV radiation

Question 17

1 problem endangering wildlife.

Answer 17

human population and habitat destruction

Question 18

What do guard cells do?

Answer 18

regulate water balance and gas exchange

Question 19

What process is carried out in ribosomes?

Answer 19

protein synthesis

Question 20

Name structures used in communication.

Answer 20

receptor proteins

Question 21

What are two methods of cellular transport?

Answer 21

passive transport - diffusion/osmosis

active transport - needs ATP

Question 22

What happens to cells in saltwater?

Answer 22

cytoplasm loses water and shrinks

Question 23

What is homeostasis?

Answer 23

normal, stable body conditions

Question 24

How is homeostasis regulated?

Answer 24

feedback and receptors

Question 25

Where is insulin produced?

Answer 25

pancreas

Question 26

What main two systems regulate homeostasis?

Answer 26

endocrine and nervous systems

Question 27

What does genetic engineering do?

Answer 27

combines genes from different organisms

Question 28

What is genetic engineering used for?

Answer 28

making insulin and growth hormones

Question 29

What organism is used in genetic engineering?

Answer 29

bacteria

Question 30

What cuts and splices together the DNA?

Answer 30

enzymes

Question 31

What does selective breeding do?

Answer 31

mating to produce desired offspring

Question 32

What are problems with selective breeding?

Answer 32

may bring out recessive traits and you don't always get what you want

Question 33

Evolution occurs by what process?

Answer 33

natural selection

Question 34

What do closely related organisms share?

Answer 34

common ancestry

Question 35

What are two ways to determine relationships between organisms?

Answer 35

physical/structure comparison and chemical/molecular comparison of DNA, enzymes, and other proteins

Question 36

What factors affect enzymes?

Answer 36

pH and temperature changing enzyme shapr

Question 37

How are carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen recycled?

Answer 37

photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Question 38

What two elements are in all organic molecules?

Answer 38

carbon and hydrogen

Question 39

What is the #1 greenhouse gas?

Answer 39

carbon dioxide