Samplex 2017 Flashcards
(61 cards)
Screening for cervical cancer using pap smear is intended to detect the disease early so that treatment can be applied and the chances of survival increased. Administering HPV vaccines to female children 10 years and above is protective against known strains of HPV infection that cause cervical cancer. HPV vaccination is an intervention that falls under this type of clinical prevention
Immunization
A 35 year old male comes in for his annual physical examination. He reports rapid weight loss, and frequent urination. On interview, you find out that he has a strong history of diabetes on both sides of his family. His blood test also shows elevated levels of F85 and HbA1c. You then prescribe an oral hypoglycemic and refer the patient to a nutritionist for dietary counseling. Diet modification, in this case, helps patients manage blood sugar levels as a type of clinical prevention.
Behavioral counseling
A 25 year old woman with a BMI of 29 consulted at the clinic. Her labs showed normal levels for blood sugar and cholesterol. you advised her to modify her diet and exercise regularly. This intervention is an example of this level of prevention
Primary prevention
A 1 year old child was rushed to the ER for difficulty of breathing and cyanosis. On interview, the mother reported that the child has obtained all but one vaccine that is administered by their rural health unit in order to complete the full immmunization schedule. It is likely that the child was not yet given what vaccine?
Measles
A 25 year old female underwent HIV/AIDS testing. Her blood sample tested positive with the particle agglutination test and will then have to be referred for confirmatory testing. In this case, the confirmatory testing with ELISA is intended to rule out this type of result
False positive
A 3 month old infant was admitted to the ER for intractable diarrhea. The infant was admitted and later expired. It was learned that the child suffered from a rare form of metabolic disorder that affects 1 in 1 million live births. There is yet no commercially viable screening method developed to screen this disorder. In contrast, a rapid test for dengue has been developed as the number of children affected reached some 50,000 cases annually. The development of diagnostic tests for these conditions is being influenced by what consideration?
Burden of suffering
A 30 year old male was diagnosed with pancreatic CA. The family was insistent on submitting him for chemotherapy. The patient however opted for palliative care. Which ethical consideration best describes the patient’s decision?
Patient choice
T/F?
Lead time bias is likely if slow-growing tumors will be more represented than fast-growing ones that have a shorter asymptomatic phase and are less likely to be detected
False
to avoid the bias from an impression of longer survival time versus disease time, researchers are advised to use this outcome measure
Mortality rates
The sensitivity of a screening test was estimated at 92% using the detection method. If the number of interval cancers was 25, compute for the number of screen-detected cancers. Use the following formula:
Sensitivity = (n detected)(n detected + n interval)
300
The following is a characteristic of a systematic review that differentiates it from a traditional review
Involves the inclusion of highly selected studies that show the same conclusions
This electronic database of research publication includes journal articles from the Philippines
CINAHI
This type of diagram used in presenting the results of a systematic review contains point estimates and confidence intervals of each study
Forest plot
The statistical synthesis of results of several comparative studies is called
Meta-analysis
This international collaboration of experts work to produce systematic reviews of various clinical topics to serve as the evidence base in the practice of medicine
Cochrane collaboration
The size of the square representing the point estimate of the result of a study in a diagram of a systematic review analysis is related to
Sample size
The summary effect of a statistical combination of trial results of a systematic review analysis diagram is represented by a
Diamond
Confidence interval of a result of a particular trial represented in a systematic review analysis diagram is represented by the
Length of the horizontal line
The first step in performing a systematic review is
Construct a clear set of objectives and a research question
this activity involves the assessment of the scientific or methodological quality of a study usually, base don standards
Critical appraisal
The complexity of health problems often requires this type of research wherein investigators with different backgrounds know enough about each other’s perspectives (conceptually, methodologically, substantively) to be able to work as a team to study a problem using shared perspectives informed by a range of disciplines
Trans-disciplinary
Health problems stem from multiple causes and thus cannot be resolved by medical science alone
Health social science
It is the basic science of clinical medicine which involves the study of patients to determine the frequency and distribution of disease and measure risks
Clinical epidemiology
In countries such as the Philippines, health is conceived of as a balanced relationship
People, nature, and the supernatural world