Sampling Flashcards
what is a population
group of people who are the focus of the research and which the sample is drawn from
what is a sample
the subset of the population who participate in a study
what does representative mean
when the studies results are more accurate through a generalisation of the population, it has the same proportion of demographics as thhe target population
types of sampling techniques
convenience, random and stratisfied
convenience sampling
selecting readily avaliable and easily accesible members of the population
random sampling
when every member of the population has the same chance of being selected (e.g computerised random generator or third party)
stratified sampling
when the research population is divided into different strata based on characteristics relevant to the study, then participants are selected from each stratum in proportion to how they appear in the population
advantages of convenience sampling
most time and cost effectiivea
advantages of random sampling
more representative than convinence, reduces experimenter bias, representive if sample is large
advantages of stratified sampling
most likely to produce a representative sample
limitations of convenience sampling
most unrepresentative, population is rarely generalised
random sampling limitations
time consuming in ensuring there is an equal chance for everyone, not representative when sample is small
stratified sampling limitations
time consuimg, may be expensive, demanding on researcher to select appropriate strata
what is allocation
occurs after sampling and refers to the process of assigning participants to experimental conditions or groups, can be random and non-random
