Sampling & Data Collection

Question 1

what is qualitative data

Answer 1

data given in words to describe something

Question 2

what is quantitative data

Answer 2

data given in numbers which count or measure something

Question 3

what is discrete data

Answer 3

quantitative data that needs to be counted

Question 4

what is continuous data

Answer 4

quantitative data that needs to be measured

Question 5

what is population

Answer 5

the group of people or things you wish to find out about

Question 6

what is finite population

Answer 6

a population where you can count how many members there are

Question 7

what is infinite population

Answer 7

a population where it is impossible to determine how many members there are

Question 8

what is a survey

Answer 8

a method by which you find out about the population

Question 9

what is a census

Answer 9

a survey involving all of the population

Question 10

what is sample

Answer 10

a small section of the population that have been chosen for a survey

Question 11

what is a sampling unit

Answer 11

an individual member of the population

Question 12

what is a sampling frame

Answer 12

a full list if the sampling units in the population

Question 13

give 1 advantage of a census

Answer 13

it gives fully accurate results

Question 14

give 2 disadvantages of a census

Answer 14

it is time-consuming and expensive

Question 15

give 3 advantages of sampling

Answer 15

It is quicker, cheaper and less data is needed to be analysed

Question 16

give 2 disadvantages of sampling

Answer 16

it might not represent the population accurately, and it could be biased

Question 17

how is simple random sampling carried out

Answer 17

every member of the population is uniquely numbered. Different numbers are randomly selected using a random number generator

Question 17

what is simple random sampling

Answer 17

every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

Question 18

what is systematic sampling

Answer 18

a repetitive system used to select a sample from the population

Question 19

how is systematic sampling carried out

Answer 19

1. carry out size of the interval:
   size of population / size of
   sample
2. choose a starting point between 1 and then select every kth member after the first one

Question 20

what is stratified sampling

Answer 20

the population is split into groups and a proportional representation of the different groups is selected

Question 21

how is stratified sampling carried out

Answer 21

the number of members sampled from a stratum =
(size of sample / size of population) * number of members in the stratum

Question 22

what is quota sampling

Answer 22

the population is split into groups and a certain number from each group is chosen in any order

Question 23

can quota sampling be non-random

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

what is opportunity sampling

Answer 24

a convenient sample is taken from any member of the population at any time

Question 25

when should simple random sampling be used

Answer 25

when you want a random sample to avoid bias

Question 26

when is simple random sampling useful

Answer 26

when you have a small population ir want a small sample

Question 27

when should systematic sampling be used

Answer 27

when you want a random sample from a large population

Question 28

when is systematic sampling useful

Answer 28

when there is a natural order

Question 29

when should stratified sampling be used

Answer 29

when the population can be split into obvious groups of members

Question 30

when is stratified sampling useful

Answer 30

when there are very different groups of members in a population

Question 31

when should quota sampling be used

Answer 31

when a small sample is needed to be representative of the population structure

Question 32

when is quota sampling useful

Answer 32

when a sampling frame is not available

Question 33

when should opportunity sampling be used

Answer 33

when a sample is needed quickly

Question 34

when is opportunity sampling useful

Answer 34

when a list of the population is not possible

Question 35

what is 1 disadvantage of simple random sampling

Answer 35

cannot be used if it is not possible to number all the members of the population

Question 36

what is 1 disadvantage of systematic sampling

Answer 36

cannot be used if it is not possible to number all the members of the population

Question 37

what is 1 disadvantage of stratified sampling

Answer 37

cannot be used if the population cannot be split into seperate groups

Question 38

what is 1 disadvantage of quota sampling

Answer 38

can introduce bias as some members of the population might choose not to be included in the sample

Question 39

what is 1 disadvantage of opportunity sampling

Answer 39

unlikely to be representative if the population structure