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Sanitation Flashcards

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1
Q

How are infectious agents transmitted

A 
Urine
Feces
Saliva
Inhalation 
Skin
Sex
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2
Q

What different viruses are there

A 
Viruses 
Bacteria
Fungus 
Parasites 
Rickettsia
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3
Q

Does one medication kill all infections

A

No

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4
Q

5 routes of transmission

A 
Aerosol 
Oral 
Direct contact 
Fomites 
Vector-borne; sexual if intact
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5
Q

Aerosol

A

Spread by air; inhalation of droplets containing pathogen (coughing, sneezing)

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6
Q

Oral

A

Ingestion of food/h20 containing infected material

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7
Q

Direct contact

A

Spread directly from animal to human through open wounds, mucous membranes, skin

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8
Q

Fomites

A

Spread by contamination of non-living surface (shoes, clothing, equipment, counters)

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9
Q

Vector borne

A

Occurs when insect picks up disease from animal to a person or vise versa

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10
Q

Contagious

A

Transfer from one person to another

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11
Q

Zoonotic

A

Disease that can be transmitted from animal to a person or vise versa

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12
Q

6 groups of people at risk of getting sick from zoonotic disease

A 
Infants/children under 5 years 
Elderly 
Pregnant woman 
People undergoing cancer treatment 
Transplant patients 
Immunosuppressive diseases
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13
Q

How to prevent risks of zoonotic diseases

A

Vaccinate
Feed good quality/disease free food
Prevent external/internal parasites
Keep well groomed

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14
Q

Animals most at risk for carrying zoonotic diseases

A 
Monkeys 
Reptiles 
Wildlife/strays 
Unvaccinated/young animals 
Birds
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15
Q

What animals have the best chance of passing zoonotic diseases

A

All animals

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16
Q

How to avoid contracting zoonotic diseases at work

A 
Hand washing 
Limit staff contacting infectious animals 
Wear gloves 
Dispose of infectious waste 
Follow proper disinfection protocols
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17
Q

Ways to avoid zoonotic diseases

A

Handwashing inbetween patients and people
Skin barrier, gloves especially if have open wounds
Isolating infectious animals
Dispose of biohazards waste
Make sure clinic cleaned/disinfected thoroughly

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18
Q

Bacteria definition.

A

Single celled microorganism (need microscope to see)

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19
Q

Cultures and sensitivities

A

The process of growing bacteria in order to test its sensitivity to various antibiotics
Takes a while, done at off site lab

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20
Q

Spores, bacteria

A

Some bacteria can form spores which are highly resistant to being killed in the environment and disinfectants

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21
Q

Examples of spore bacteria

A

Salmonella

Bordetella

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22
Q

Viruses

A

Very basic organism packages of protein that can produce within a host (require host such as animal/plant to replicate)

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23
Q

Enveloped viruses

A

Help virus enter host
Sensitive to drying out, heat, disinfection
Need to transfer from one host to the other
Can change rapidly to evade a host immune system.

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24
Q

Animal specific enveloped viruses

A

Para-influenza
Rabies
FIV

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25
Non-enveloped viruses
``` Can live in environment much longer Less adaptable in host Lack of envelope means it uses other ways to enter host Much harder to kill in environment Isolation, major cleaning protocol ```
26
Examples of non-enveloped viruses
Parvo | Feline panleukopenia
27
Two categories of fungal infections
Cutaneous | Systemic
28
Cutaneous
Skin disease | Ringworm, yeast
29
Systemic
Wide spread infection throughout body, lungs, liver, brain Much more life threatening Warmer environments Blastomycosis, cryptococcus
30
Common dog vaccines
``` DA2PP Distemper CAV-1 and CAV-2 Para-influenza Parvo Rabies ```
31
Is para-influenza considered a vaccine
No, often part of combo vaccine
32
Common cat vaccines
``` FVRCP Feline rhinotracheitis Calici Panleukemia Rabies ```
33
Common ferret vaccines
Rabies | Distemper
34
What do vaccinations do
Boost antibody levels in animals and people which allows them to fight off infection
35
How are antibody levels determined
``` Vaccine type Health status of pet If medications (steroids ) given ```
36
Who do we not vaccinate
Sick animals who are less capable of producing adequate antibody response
37
Why are several boosters given to young animals
Interference with maternal antibodies in young animals Antibodies in mother's milk will not allow full response to vaccine Remain until 14-16 weeks
38
Canine distemper
``` Highly contagious Often fatal in unvaccinated dogs Shed in all secretions Attacks brain, skin, respiratory tract Supportive care, fluids needed ```
39
Vaccine for distemper
DA2PP vaccine 1-3 year forms
40
Parvovirus core vaccine
Spread by stool Immunosuppressive/puppies most commonly infected SNAP test to diagnose Hospitalization
41
Hepatitis core vaccine
Caused by adenovirus 1 (Cav 1) rare due to vaccination Shed in urine /secretions for many months Part of DA2PP vaccine
42
What is the most important zoonotic disease in the world and why is it less common now
Rabies | Because we pay attention to it
43
Where is rabies the most common in Canada and what kind of animals most commonly carry it
Ontario | Bats, foxes, skunks, raccoons (wildlife)
44
When to give rabies vaccines
Between 3-6 months Boost at a year Then every 1-3 years
45
How is rabies prevented in animals
Vaccines prevent disease transmission Some programs vaccinate wild /stray animals Quarantine if concern with animal bite
46
How is rabies prevented in people
Wash wound vigorously if bitten, see physician Any dog who bites person quarantined for 10 days Rabies vaccinations recommended for VOAs
47
When are human vaccinations recommended
People who are more at risk of exposure Vets Aht Voa
48
Kennel cough non core
Bordetella Many bacteria/viruses involved Cough/secretions Vaccinate show dogs, boarding, kennels/day cares, dog parks, groomers
49
How are vaccinations for bordetella given
Intranasal Intraoral Injectible
50
What is the vaccine for bordetella called
Para-influenza + CAV-2 (Da2PP core vaccine)
51
Canine coronavirus non core
Similar to Parvo symptoms | Dogs in close housing/showing animals (kenneled)
52
Leptospirosis non core
Urine (drinking water, skin) | Zoonotic
53
Leptospirosis non core
Urine (drinking water, skin) | Zoonotic
54
Lyme disease non core
Spread by infected ticks Usually dogs/people , tick season (warmer months) 5-10 hours for tick to spread infection Vaccine for at risk dogs
55
What to do if old client asks for vaccines
Check what vaccines they are due for
56
What to do if new client needs vaccine
Recommend they bring previous records or have client contact previous clinic to fax records
57
When are puppy/kitten vaccinations done
8, 12 and 16 weeks
58
When are puppy/kitten vaccinations done
8, 12 and 16 weeks
59
When are vaccinations typically boosted
1 year and 1 or 3 year vaccinations
60
How often are KC vaccinations done
Can be done every 6 months
61
Active immunity
Animal exposed to disease agent (or vaccine) and responds by producing antibodies to protect that animal against that agent Vaccines never work as well as actual infection (reasons boosters needed at various times)
62
Passive immunity
When immunity from 1 animal gets passed to another | Mother passes antibodies to offspring through placenta
63
Signs of anaphylactic shock
Vomiting, swollen face, pale gums, difficulty breathing within 10-20 minutes of vaccine Notify vet asap Marble sized bump Anti-inflammatory, anti-histamine
64
Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis AKA herpes-core
Common, similar to calici virus Not zoonotic Discharge, fomites
65
Calici-core
Very common | Part of FVRCP
66
Panleukopenia-core
Feline distemper Direct contact, fomites Caused by parvovirus Attacks WBC
67
Chlamydia
Non core | Range of possible infections/host
68
Feline leukemia
Non core FeLV - most important cause of cancer Saliva transmission/mothers milk Stress increases chances
69
FIP
Non core Feline enteric coronavirus causes problem Catteries- young/old/immunosuppressed
70
FIV
Non core Cat HIV Deep cat bites Can pass through placenta
71
Dog vaccines
``` DA2PPU Rabies CV Bordetella Kennel cough Lepto ```
72
Dog vaccines at 8 weeks
DA2PPU
73
12 weeks dog vaccines
DA2PPU | Kennel cough
74
Dog vaccines 16 weeks
DA2PPU | Rabies
75
When is DA2PPU boosted
1 year then | 1-3 years
76
When is rabies boosted
1 year later | Then every 1-3 years
77
Lyme
Given and boosted in 1 month then every year
78
Feline vaccinations
FVCRP FelV FIV Rabies
79
Cat 8 week vaccinations
FVRCP
80
Cat vaccinations 12 weeks
FVRCP | FeLV
81
Cat vaccines 16 weeks
FVRCP | Rabies
82
FVRCP boosters
Boosted at 1 year then every 1-3 years
83
When is FeLV boosted
Yearly i

Sanitation (2 decks)

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