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Vedic Purohit Course > Sanskrit Revision > Flashcards

Sanskrit Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the meaning of the word “Sanskrit”?

A

Sanskrit” is derived from “Sam” (together) + “Kri” (do) + “Kt” (suffix), meaning “that which is pure” or “well-formed.

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2
Q

Who is credited with formalizing Sanskrit grammar?

A

Rishi Panini is credited with formalizing Sanskrit grammar.

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3
Q

Name three main texts associated with Sanskrit grammar.

A
  1. Varnocharan Shiksha 2. Ashtadhyayi 3. Mahabhashya
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4
Q

What are examples of “Akshar” (consonants)?

A

Examples of Akshar are “Ka,” “Kha,” and “Ga.”

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5
Q

What are examples of “Swar” (vowels)?

A

Examples of Swar are “A,” “Ā,” “I,” and “Ī.”

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6
Q

What are the six limbs (Vedanga) of the Vedas?

A
  1. Shiksha (Phonetics)
  2. Vyakarana (Grammar)
  3. Nirukta (Etymology) and Chandas (Meter)
  4. Jyotisha (Astrology)
  5. Kalpa (Ritual)
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7
Q

What is the meaning of “Akshar”?

A
  1. That which is omnipresent 2. That which is indestructible 3. That which is described in Pratyahara Sutras
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8
Q

How does the form of “Akshar” manifest?

A

It manifests through space (Akash) as the combination of empty space and air.

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9
Q

What are the types of vowels (“Swar”) in Sanskrit?

A
  • Hrasva Swar (Short Vowels): A, I, U, Ṛ - Dirgha Swar (Long Vowels): Ā, Ī, Ū, Ṝ - Pluta Swar (Prolonged Vowels): Ai, O, Au
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10
Q

What are the three tonal qualities of vowels?

A
  1. Udātta (High pitch) 2. Anudātta (Low pitch) 3. Svarita (Middle pitch)
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11
Q

What is the characteristic of “Vyanjan” (consonants)?

A

Consonants are sounds that cannot be pronounced without the aid of vowels.

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12
Q

How are the Vedas traditionally recited differently?

A
  • Rigveda: In a high pitch (Udātta), poetic in nature. - Samaveda: In a low pitch (Anudātta), musical in nature. - Yajurveda: In a middle pitch (Svarita), rhythmic in nature.
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13
Q

How are the following conjunct consonants formed?

A

Pra: Half “Pa” + “Ra” + “Ā”
Kṣa: Half “Ka” + Half “Śa” + “Ā”
Tra: Half “Ta” + Half “Ra” + “Ā” -
Jya: “Ja” + Half “Ya” + “Ā” -
Kri: Half “Ka” + “Ri”

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14
Q

What guidelines should a “Purohit” follow when reciting mantras?

A
  • Speak sweetly and clearly pronounce each distinct letter.
  • Ensure each word has a pleasant sound.
  • Pause appropriately where indicated. - Avoid unnecessary speech.
  • Speak with patience.
  • Do not speak with food in the mouth. - Convey separate ideas separately. - Speak without trembling. - Avoid speaking hurriedly.
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15
Q

What are the three persons (“Purush”) in Sanskrit grammar?

A
  1. Prathama Purush (Third Person): Saha (He), Sā (She), Te (They)
  2. Madhyama Purush (Second Person): Tvam (You), Yuvām (You two), Yūyam (You all)
  3. Uttama Purush (First Person): Aham (I), Āvām (We two), Vayam (We all)
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16
Q

What are the three (“Vachan”) in Sanskrit?

A
  1. Ekvachan: Singular 2. Dwivachan: Dual 3. Bahuvachan: Plural
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17
Q

What are the three genders (“Linga”) in Sanskrit?

A
  1. Pullinga: Masculine 2. Strilinga: Feminine 3. Napumsaka: Neuter
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18
Q

Conjugate the verb “पठ्” (Path, to read) in the third person.

A
  • Singular: सः पठति (Saha Pathati) - He reads -
    Dual: तौ पठतः (Tau Pathatah) - They two read
  • Plural: ते पठन्ति (Te Pathanti) - They all read
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19
Q

In Karmakanda, when is the action performed?

A

The action is performed after reciting the mantra, specifically after saying “Swaha.”

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20
Q

What are the forms of “Madhyama Purusha” in Sanskrit?

A
  • Singular: त्वम् (Tvam) - You - Dual: युवाम् (Yuvām) - You two - Plural: यूयम् (Yūyam) - You all
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21
Q

Conjugate the verb “पठ्” (Path, to read) in the second person.

A
  • Singular: त्वम् पठसि (Tvam Pathasi) - You read - Dual: युवाम् पठथः (Yuvām Pathathah) - You two read - Plural: यूयम् पठथ (Yūyam Pathatha) - You all read
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22
Q

Conjugate the verb “गम्” (Gam, to go) in both third and second persons.

A

Third Person: - Singular: सः गच्छति (Saha Gacchati) - He goes - Dual: तौ गच्छतः (Tau Gacchatah) - They two go - Plural: ते गच्छन्ति (Te Gacchanti) - They all go Second Person: - Singular: त्वम् गच्छसि (Tvam Gacchasi) - You go - Dual: युवाम् गच्छथः (Yuvām Gacchathah) - You two go - Plural: यूयम् गच्छथ (Yūyam Gacchatha) - You all go

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23
Q

What is “Āchaman” and its significance?

A

Āchaman” involves sipping water for self-purification and satisfaction of the soul; “Ā” means “properly,” and “Chaman” means “consuming.

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24
Q

Explain the mantra “Om Amrito Pastaranamasi Swaha.”

A
  • Om: Supreme Lord, Protector - Amrita: Immortal Supreme Being - Upastaranam: Bedding or spread - Asi: You are - Swaha: I affirm this - Apidhanam: Covering or blanket
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25
Explain the mantra "Om Satyam Yashah Shrir Mayi Shrih Shrayatam Swaha."
- Om: Supreme Being, Protector - Satyam: Truth - Yashah: Fame - Shrīh: Prosperity or wealth - Mayi: In me - Shrayatam: May it reside - Swaha: I affirm this
26
What are the forms of "Uttama Purusha" in Sanskrit?
- Singular: अहम् (Aham) - I - Dual: आवाम् (Āvām) - We two - Plural: वयम् (Vayam) - We all
27
Conjugate the verb "पठ्" (Path, to read) in the first person.
- Singular: अहम् पठामि (Aham Pathāmi) - I read - Dual: आवाम् पठावः (Āvām Pathāvah) - We two read - Plural: वयम् पठामः (Vayam Pathāmah) - We all read
28
Match the Sanskrit verbs to their Hindi meanings.
- वद् (Vad): बोलना (To speak) - वस् (Vas): रहना (To stay) - भू (Bhū): होना (To be) - चल् (Chal): चलना (To walk) - गम् (Gam): जाना (To go) - आगम् (Āgam): आना (To come) - हस् (Has): हँसना (To laugh)
29
Explain the Āchaman mantra "Om Vang Me Asyāstu."
Om, may the power of speech reside in my mouth.
30
Explain the Āchaman mantra "Om Arishtāni Angāni Tanu Tanvā Me Sahā Santu."
Om, may all my limbs be free from disease; may my body grow strong.
31
What are the symbolic meanings of the five fingers?
- Thumb (Angushtha): Symbol of ignorance (Avidya) - Index Finger (Tarjani): Symbol of ego (Ahankara) - Middle Finger (Madhyama) & Ring Finger (Anamika): Represent the soul, which has no name - Little Finger (Kanishthika): The smallest, symbolizing humility
32
Conjugate the verb "खाद्" (Khād, to eat) in all three persons.
Third Person: - Singular: सः खादति (Saha Khādati) - Dual: तौ खादतः (Tau Khādatah) - Plural: ते खादन्ति (Te Khādanti) Second Person: - Singular: त्वम् खादसि (Tvam Khādasi) - Dual: युवाम् खादथः (Yuvām Khādathah) - Plural: यूयम् खादथ (Yūyam Khādatha) First Person: - Singular: अहम् खादामि (Aham Khādāmi) - Dual: आवाम् खादावः (Āvām Khādāvah) - Plural: वयम् खादामः (Vayam Khādāmah)
33
What is "Prathama Vibhakti" (Nominative Case) in Sanskrit?
It is used for the subject (Karta) of a sentence. For example: - Singular: रामः (Rāmaḥ) - Dual: रामौ (Rāmau) - Plural: रामाः (Rāmāḥ)
34
Translate into Hindi: "रामः खेलति"
"राम खेलता है" (Ram plays)
35
What is the deity ("Devata") of a mantra?
The main subject or focus of a mantra; for example, in "Āpah" (waters), the deity is water, symbolizing the omnipresent God.
36
What is "Sandhyā"?
Sandhyā is the preparation for spiritual meditation or worship.
37
What is "Dvitīyā Vibhakti" (Accusative Case) in Sanskrit?
It is used for the object (Karma) of a sentence. For example: - Singular: रामम् (Rāmam) - Dual: रामौ (Rāmau) - Plural: रामान् (Rāmān)
38
Translate into Sanskrit: "बालक विद्यालय जाता है।"
"बालकः विद्यालयं गच्छति।" (Bālakaḥ Vidyālayaṁ Gacchati.)
39
What is "Aghamarṣaṇa"?
It is the resolve to stay away from sins and the commitment not to commit them.
40
What is "Tṛtīyā Vibhakti" (Instrumental Case) in Sanskrit?
It denotes the means or instrument (Karan) by which the action is performed, often translated as "with" or "by." For example: - Singular: रामेण (Rāmeṇa) - Dual: रामाभ्याम् (Rāmābhyām) - Plural: रामैः (Rāmaiḥ)
41
Provide an example using "Tṛtīyā Vibhakti."
"बालकः जनकेन सह गच्छति।" (The boy goes with his father.)
42
What is "Caturthī Vibhakti" (Dative Case) in Sanskrit?
It indicates the recipient (Sampradān) of something, often translated as "to" or "for." For example: - Singular: रामाय (Rāmāya) - Dual: रामाभ्याम् (Rāmābhyām) - Plural: रामेभ्यः (Rāmebhyaḥ)
43
Translate into Sanskrit: "मैं राम को गेंद देता हूँ।"
"अहं रामाय कन्दुकं यच्छामि।" (Ahaṁ Rāmāya Kandukaṁ Yacchāmi.)
44
How many sections ("Kāṇḍas") are there in the Atharvaveda?
There are 20 Kāṇḍas in the Atharvaveda.
45
How many chapters ("Adhyāyas") are in the Yajurveda?
There are 40 Adhyāyas in the Yajurveda.
46
How many books ("Maṇḍalas") are in the Rigveda?
There are 10 Maṇḍalas in the Rigveda.
47
How many parts ("Bhāgas") are in the Sāmaveda?
There are 3 Bhāgas in the Sāmaveda.
48
What are the types of materials used in a Vedic fire ritual ("Havan")?
1. Fragrant Items: Sandalwood, cardamom, nutmeg, palāśa 2. Nourishing Items: Pulses, ghee, milk 3. Sweet Items: Jaggery, sugar, dates, raisins 4. Medicinal Herbs: Giloy, basil leaves
49
What is "Mantra Viniyoga"?
It is the correct application or usage of a mantra. किस मंत्र को कहां करना। मंत्र के देवता का ज्ञान। (what is the subject matter)
50
What is "Upasthānam"?
It is the act of approaching or being near to God.
51
What does "Jātavedāḥ" mean?
It refers to the Supreme Being who knows all.
52
Translate into Sanskrit: "मैं बालक को मोदक देता हूँ।"
"अहं बालकाय मोदकं यच्छामि।" (Ahaṁ Bālakāya Modakaṁ Yacchāmi.)
53
Translate into Sanskrit: "मैं बालक को देखता हूँ।"
"अहं बालकं पश्यामि।" (Ahaṁ Bālakaṁ Paśyāmi.)
54
Translate into Sanskrit: "मैं बालक के साथ जाता हूँ।"
"अहं बालकेन गच्छामि।" (Ahaṁ Bālakena Gacchāmi.)
55
Explain the terms related to Sandhyā Vidhī.
- Āchaman: Sipping water for self-purification - Aghamarṣaṇa: Dispelling sins - Manasa Parikrama: Mentally circumambulating in all directions - Upasthānam: Sitting close to the Supreme Being - Namaskāra: Bowing before the Supreme Being
56
Define the following terms from Sandhyā Vidhī.
- Ṛtam: Eternal truth - Ajāyata: Was born or originated - Dhātā: The sustainer - Prācī: The eastern direction - Iṣavaḥ: Protectors or arrows
57
Translate into Sanskrit: "राजा शिष्यों के साथ ब्राह्मणों को अनार देता है।"
"नृपः शिष्यैः सह ब्राह्मणेभ्यः दाडिमं यच्छति।" (Nṛpaḥ Śiṣyaiḥ Saha Brāhmaṇebhyaḥ Dāḍimaṁ Yacchati.)
58
Translate into Sanskrit: "शिष्य आचार्य को वस्त्र देता है।"
"शिष्यः आचार्याय वस्त्रं यच्छति।" (Śiṣyaḥ Ācāryāya Vastraṁ Yacchati.)
59
Translate into Sanskrit: "राम गाँव जाता है।"
"रामः ग्रामं गच्छति।" (Rāmaḥ Grāmaṁ Gacchati.)
60
Translate into Sanskrit: "राम पिता के साथ गाँव जाता है।"
"रामः जनकेन ग्रामं गच्छति।" (Rāmaḥ Janakena Grāmaṁ Gacchati.)
61
Translate into Sanskrit: "मैं आचार्य को नमस्कार करता हूँ।"
"अहं आचार्यं नमामि।" (Ahaṁ Ācāryaṁ Namāmi.)
62
Translate into Sanskrit: "राम गाँव से महल जाता है।"
"रामः ग्रामात् प्रासादं गच्छति।" (Rāmaḥ Grāmāt Prāsādaṁ Gacchati.)

Vedic Purohit Course (5 decks)

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